Transcript Document

O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
The following power point training
presentation must be viewed at
unit training and/or under the
supervision of an OSRT officer.
Members viewing the presentation must sign an
OSRT sign in sheet. The completed sign in sheet
signed by an officer must be submitted to the OSRT
planning (Training) Section to receive credit for the
training.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SAR Crew Safety
The purpose of this presentation is not to be an in
depth course on each of the threats. It is merely an
opportunity to make crew members aware of the
threats that exist in our area and how to best avoid
them.
Complacency is the leading cause of injuries
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Reference: MRA 105-1, Para 1.3.f.vii Team and
Crew Safety
ASTM f 2209 Para 5,6,2,6 Safety
Source: Consulted with various Emergency
Service Technicians, Police Chiefs and Fire
Department Chiefs to determine best practice.
Training powerpoint slide program prepared by
Headquarters OSRT- 22Mar2013
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
DRIVING SAFETY
A recent study by the U.S. Fire Administration shows that
25% of firefighters who were killed in motor vehicle crashes
were killed while driving privately-owned vehicles.
When responding to a call out or drill in a Privately-Owned
Vehicle (POV):
 Never exceed the posted speed limit.
 Come to a complete stop at all stop signs and lights.
 Use seat belts and restraints.
 Keep a safe distance from other vehicles.
 Reduce your speed at nighttime and inclement weather.
While laws vary from state to state, a privately owned
vehicle is not an emergency vehicle even when using
courtesy lights. True or False.
TRUE
Make yourself slow down mentally. Don’t be overcome by
adrenalin tunnel vision on the way to a scene.
O
H
I
O
Ways to reduce occurrence of accidents in POV’s:
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
 Make sure personnel have current drivers license and
registration.
 Make sure personnel have current liability insurance.
 Make sure all personnel have their POV inspected for safety.
 Make use of carpools whenever possible.
 Use staging areas when possible.
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
DRIVING SAFETY
DRIVE DEFENSIVELY!
Think about the consequences of your being involved in an
accident:
 Can I afford the time off work if injured?
 Can I afford the medical expenses?
 Can I afford to be without the use of my vehicle.
 Will this accident cause the rates of my personal insurance or
that of my agency or department to go up?
 Will my careless actions hurt the reputation of my agency
or department.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
DRINKING WATER
 Water is essential for survival in the field. A minimum
of 3 liters is required to remain healthy in a survival situation.
If you need additional drinking water while in the field –make sure it
is safe to drink. Waterborne illnesses include: Giardia,
Cryptosporidium, Cholera, and other bacteria, viruses, cysts and
chemicals.
Disinfect The Water !
• Filter it using one of the many devices available
on the market today.
• Boil it for at least 1 minute.
• Treat with Iodine (liquid or tablet) 8mgs per liter.
let stand for 10 minutes.
• Chlorine, household bleach. 1 drop (5%) per liter
Can’t Disinfect It :
• Drink from small tributary stream instead of
the main flow. If possible follow tributaries uphill to their source
such as a spring.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Alternate ways to collect drinking water:
• Harvest dew.
• Catch rainwater.
• Melt snow.
• Set up a solar still.
Drinking contaminated water can lead to Gastrointestinal Infections.
Symptoms don’t usually show up for several days, weeks and
sometimes even months. All require a physicians attention.
Symptoms include:
• Fever
• Diarrhea, often “explosive” and watery.
• Bloating
• Violent vomiting.
• Cramps.
• Weight loss.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
PREVENTION OF SNOW BLINDNESS
The reflection of the sun’s ultraviolet rays off a snow covered area
And to a lesser degree, reflection off water surfaces.
causes this condition. Prolonged exposure to these rays can result
in permanent eye damage, but generally resolves itself in 24-48 hrs
You can prevent snow blindness by wearing UV rated sunglasses.
If you don’t have sunglasses, improvise. Cut slits in a piece of cardboard, thin wood, tree bark, or other available material. Putting
soot under your eyes (on the cheek) will help reduce shine and glare.
Symptoms include:
• Eye pain
• Redness
• Swollen eyelids
• Sensitivity to light
• Feeling of sand in the eyes.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
CAUGHT IN A LIGHTNING STORM
*Find the safest place possible to avoid or minimize being struck:
 Stay updated on current weather conditions.
 Avoid high places, tall objects, metal objects, open places,
open bodies of water, and long electrical conductors such as
metal fences.
 Seek uniform cover such as a low spot in low, rolling hills or a
stand of trees all about the same size, but DO NOT lean
against a lone solitary tree.
If caught in the open, assume the lightning
safety position:
squat or sit in a tight position on
insulating material.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Caught in a lightning storm
• Stay away from water or wet objects such as
rope. Water in an excellent conductor.
• Avoid metal conductors such as fences and
poles.
• Stay away from windows.
These cattle were killed by a lightening
strike that traveled along the wire fence.
If you are near your vehicle with a metal roof, get in and stay with
the windows rolled up. A vehicle acts as a Faraday Cage (metal
cage that prevents entry or escape of electromagnetic fields).
Boats are not usually safe unless they have a covered cabin and
lightning protection system.
The best place to seek shelter is a substantial building with roof
walls and preferably wiring and plumbing. Do not use any electrical
devices.
A tent is NOT a safe shelter.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
HAZARDS OF SEARCHING NEAR WATER
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
HAZARDS OF SEARCHING NEAR WATER
 Searching along river banks poses hazards –
The river banks may be deeply undercut and the edges may
be susceptible to collapse.
 Potential exists to fall (slip on mud, moss, or snags) into
the water or injury a foot or leg. Vegetation grows thickest here.
 River banks are often steep and can be
difficult or impossible to climb out of if you
fall in.
 If you take an unplanned tumble into the
river or stream, you are now a target for
hypothermia.
 When searching within 10 feet of a river
wear a personal floatation device (PFD).
Statistically many lost people are found along river or stream
banks. If you must search here, use extra caution.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
RIVER CROSSING
 Don’t underestimate the power and threat of moving water.
 Do Not attempt to cross moving water deeper than mid
thigh or swiftly moving water.
Wear a PFD and unbuckle your pack’s hip buckle and
loosen shoulder straps.
If you must cross, take the time to look for
the shallowest or the slowest moving water.
Avoid crossing at the
outside of bends where
the currents flows faster.
Watch for unusual
variations in the flow of
water. There may be
rocks underneath.
A smooth water current means a relatively
smooth river bottom.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
River Crossing
CROSSING A
RIVER
SAFELY
Crossing in a line method.
Lock arms, the strongest person is on the upstream end, weakest person in the middle.
Move perpendicular to the current. Move slowly and shuffle feet along the bottom.
Crossing in a huddle method.
Place arms around each others shoulders. Slightly lean towards the center of the
group. Strongest person has his back to the current, move perpendicular to the
current. Move slowly and shuffle feet along the bottom.
Crossing alone.
Not the best option, but if you must, use a walking staff or stick as a third leg for
support and balance. Face the current, lean on the pole and walk slowly upstream,
diagonally across the river. Keep two of the three points of contact on the bottom at all
times.
If a rope is available, first group across should play out rope and
secure it around anchor when they reach the opposite side.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
CROSSING A FROZEN RIVER/LAKE
Ice can be different thicknesses on the same body of water. It can be half a
meter thick in one spot and only ten centimeters thick not far away.
Ice is constantly changing in response to weather and water conditions.
Ice is never 100 percent safe. The best advice is to stay off it.
The Lifesaving Society recommends a minimum ice thickness of 4 inches for a
single person to walk on it. This recommendation is for new, clear ice under
ideal conditions.
Ice thickness? Make sure to have a screw driver handy, you can use it to dig
a small hole to gauge thickness of ice and to grip edge of ice if you fall through.
Use a tape measure to determine ice thickness.
 Never go onto the ice alone.
 Wear a lifejacket or personal flotation
device over winter clothing.
 Interlaced with long ropes and spread
out and all gear dragged behind on
makeshift sleds
White ice has air or snow in it. It is about half as strong as clear ice so
use extreme caution on unclear ice.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SAFELY NAVIGATE STEEP SLOPES
When ascending or descending steep slopes, which can
include wet grass, mud, or scree (loose rock). Use a angling or
zigzag course across the slope. Use any trees or brush to help
assist you.
• Use a walking staff to help
support yourself. Keep it
on your downhill side.
• Scan ahead for the easiest
routes.
• When descending, do not
build up too much speed.
• Use ropes when needed.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SEARCHING NEAR BUSY ROADWAY
For certain behavioral groups such as Alzheimer's or
Dementia people, searching along a roadway is a necessity.
Be extra careful when searching here.
 Recognize that by walking and standing near or by the road,
you are increasing your risk of a roadside accident. Many
people become the victim of a car accident themselves or
create accidents for others by standing too close to the road.
Walk facing traffic.
 Keep a reasonable distance away from busy traffic lanes – depending
the roadway this could mean 20 feet or more.
 If you have to cross a busy roadway – stop, look, & listen before crossing.
 Avoid using a cell phone or the VHF radio while crossing – stay alert
to traffic conditions,
 Wear reflective vest. During darkness use a baton style flashlight.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SMALL ANIMALS THREATS
 Get away from the animal. Most wild animals large and
small have a natural fear of man and will usually avoid him
 Wild animals that are most likely to have rabies: raccoons,
skunks, bats, and foxes.
 A skunk’s spray can
be accurate to at
least 13 feet. Can cause
temporary blindness, and
loss of friendship among
man and beast.
Feral Animals:
Many domestic animals have been released or
have escaped into the wild. Examples are: Pigs,
Cats, Dogs, Mink and Snakes.
In many cases they have become aggressive and
have lost natural fear of man. Be especially
careful around these animals.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SMALL ANIMAL THREATS
Avoiding small animal confrontations:
•
•
•
•
Make noise to alert animals to your presence.
Make yourself look bigger, swing arms.
Don’t make sudden moves.
Put something between you and the animal, such as a
backpack.
• Don’t make eye contact, but keep animal in peripheral
vision.
• Walk backward, slowly.
• Leave small animals alone that seem abandoned.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
BLACK BEAR COUNTRY
Avoiding Bear confrontations:
 Travel in groups.
 Don’t wipe food stained hands or utensils on clothing.
 Try never to surprise a bear. Be noisy.
 When in known bear territory, keep watch for tracks and
droppings.
 Avoid thickets and streams where bears rest and feed.
 Stow food away from your camp sight.
 Give mother bears and cubs a wide
berth. Avoid getting into a position
between mother and her cubs.
 Avoid animal kills that a bear might be
feeding on.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
BLACK BEAR COUNTRY
When Confronted by a Bear:
 Make yourself look bigger, wave your
arms.
 Don’t make direct eye contact, but keep
the bear in your peripheral vision.
 Don’t climb a tree. Black Bears climb
better than you do.
 Wake backwards slowly. Do not run,
this triggers chase instinct in the bear.
If attacked; fight with whatever means you have available, firearm,
knife, large stick or pepper spray. Target the eyes and nose.
Some believe that playing dead will more quickly end the attack.
There are around 300 Black Bear in Ohio each year. Most are males
in search of females. Most are just passing through. As with most
wild animals, large or small, they would rather avoid humans.
However, they will defend themselves if cornered or surprised or
with young.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SEARCHING DURING DARKNESS
Walking at night:
Unless you’re in the desert and it’s cooler at night, avoid walking at night
because of the added risks posed by navigational difficulties. In areas where
there are predators that could be a threat, they are more active at night.
If you must search at night, try the following:
 If it isn’t possible to use a flashlight,
time allowing, close your eyes for 20
minutes to allow them to adjust to
night vision. Clear nights with stars or
moon help provide enough light to
navigate.
 Keep your pace slow and deliberate.
Check your compass regularly. Without
distant landmarks, it is easy to become
disoriented.
 Do not travel alone.
 Stay calm. If you are not used to traveling in the dark, the woods can be
intimidating and disorienting.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
SEARCHING DURING DARKNESS
 When operating in darkness in woods –wear eye
protection – a clear safety face shield or eye goggles.
 Eye glasses with safety lens are adequate but it is
recommended that they have side shields.
 When looking at an object at night, look at one side
rather than directly at it. It is hard to distinguish anything
in a dark mass, but edges show more clearly.
 Use caution – in stepping – use a stick or hiking pole
to check for obstacles, tripping hazards or sudden drops
in the ground.
 Be alert for bees, wasps, and hornets nests hanging
low level tree branches. They’re not active at night, but
they will be if you disturb their nest.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
AVOIDING BEES/WASPS/HORNETS
In the U.S. there are an average of 40 deaths per year from bee sting.
Most are due to allergic reaction. Far more than snake bite.
Myth: Most stings are caused by bees.
Fact: Most stings are cause by Yellow Jackets.
Mostly because of their close proximity to where
man lives.
Yellow Jacket
 Bees are agitated by rapid movements,
especially swatting motions. Stay calm and back
away slowly.
 Be careful and alert to high bee activity.
 Most stinging insects will become aggressive
when nests are threatened or become trapped.
Bee
 Avoid eating outdoors. Most all stinging insects are
attracted to food and drink. Especially in the fall when
they are storing for the winter.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
AVIODING BEES/WASPS/HORNETS
 When outdoors, keep food covered and drinks
should have a narrow straw.
 Keep garbage cleaned up and in covered
receptacle.
 Stay on established trails when possible. Nests
have usually been cleared. Gives you an easier
escape when necessary.
Bald Faced Hornet
Wasp
 Wasps and Hornets build the common
paper nest in trees and overhangs on
buildings.
 Honey Bees usually build hives in boxes,
hollow trees and cavities.
 Yellow Jackets can make ground nests,
stone fences, hollow trees, under siding.
 Stinging insects can remember their nests being disturbed for up
to two weeks. Which means a short fuse for the next person who
enters the area.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
PROTECT FROM MOSQUITO BORNE ILLNESSES
Diseases that people can get from mosquitoes in Ohio:
West Nile Virus (1400 reported severe cases 2012 nationwide)
St. Louis Encephalitis
La Crosse Encephalitis
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
If a mosquito bites an infected bird or mammal, it can then
transmit these viruses to humans. They can make some people
very sick with encephalitis-causing inflammation of the brain
and nervous system.
Avoid being bitten
 Wear long sleeves and pants and also socks when outdoors
 Use a repellant that contains DEET or Picaridin when
outdoors. Follow label instructions.
 Mosquitoes are most active around dusk and dawn. Be
especially aware at these times.
 Mosquitoes rest in tall grass and weeds. Avoid these if
possible.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
PROTECT FROM TICK BORNE ILLNESSES
Tick borne illnesses in Ohio:
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Carried mostly by the Dog Tick
• Lyme Disease: Carried mostly by the Deer or Black Legged Tick.
Prevention of tick borne illnesses.
• Tuck your pants into top of socks
or boots.
• Use repellants and follow label
carefully.
• Avoid tick infested areas such as
tall grass and dense vegetation.
• Wear light colored clothing to
make it easier to spot ticks.
• Check yourself, children and pets frequently for ticks.
• Wash or shower after exposure to tick habitat (preferably within 2
hours) to wash off and more easily find ticks that may be crawling
or imbedded in your skin.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
PROTECTION FROM TICK BORNE ILLNESSES.
Black Legged Tick
Female
Male
Nymph Larva
Lone Star Tick
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Dog Tick
• Remove tick as soon as possible.
• Using tweezers, grasp the tick close to the skin,
gently pull up and out.
• After removing tick, wash the bite site and
disinfect.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
FOODBORNE ILLNESSES
Top Foodborne Illnesses:
• Norovirus
• Salmonella
• Clostridium perfringens
• Campylobacter
• Staphylococcus
• Toxoplasma gondii
• E.Coli
Keeping prepared foods safe:
• Bacteria grows between 41° F and 135° F. Keep cold foods below that range
and hot foods, above that range.
• Prepared foods can be within the danger zone for no more than 2 hours.
• Wash hands with soap and water before and after preparing foods.
• Use separate utensils for cooked meat and uncooked meat.
• Clean fresh fruit before consuming.
You can start to feel the effects of foodborne illnesses anywhere from a few
hours to 30 days.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
FATIGUE RELATED INJURIES.
Sleep deprivation was a factor in some of the biggest disasters
in recent history:
 1979-Three Mile Island nuclear accident
 Alaskan oil spill (Exxon Valdez)
 1986 Chernobyl nuclear meltdown.
1550 crash related deaths per year in the U.S., it has the same
effect as being legally intoxicated.
Sleep deprivation hurts our thought processes in many ways.
It impairs:
 Attention
 Alertness
 Reasoning
 Concentration
 Problem Solving
Slows down your ability to remember what you’ve learned, and
over the long term can lead to health related issues.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
FATIGUE RELATED INJURIES
What can lead to sleep deprivation:
• Psychological stress factors
• Sleeping/Working outside of your normal times.
• Not eating properly
• Work that is physically and mentally demanding.
• Working different shifts, which makes it had to stay in a rhythm.
• Sleeping in surroundings not conducive to quality sleep.
• Psychological stress factors.
Reducing fatigue caused by sleep deprivation:
 Get more sleep! For every 2 hours of work or travel, plan for 1 hour
of time off in a 24hr. period.
 Take 10-20 minute power naps when the opportunity arises. Avoid
sleeping longer than that.
 In prolonged operations, seize every opportunity to get some
sleep.
 Do not use coffee and caffeinated boosters.
 You need 4-5 hrs/day to maintain performance.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
GASOLINE ENGINE SAFETY RULES
EXHAUST FUMES ARE POISONOUS
• Never operate the engine in a closed area or it may
cause unconsciousness and death within a short time.
• Operate the engine in a well ventilated area.
FUEL IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND
POISONOUS
• Always turn off the engine when refueling.
• Never refuel while smoking or in the vicinity
of an open flame.
• Take care not to spill any fuel on the engine
or muffler when refueling.
• If you swallow any fuel, inhale fuel vapor, or
allow any to get in your eye(s), see your
doctor immediately. If any fuel spills on your
skin or clothing, immediately wash with soap
and water and change your clothes.
• When operating or transporting the machine,
be sure it is kept upright. If it tilts, fuel may
leak from the carburetor or fuel tank.
Place the machine in a place where pedestrians or children are not likely to touch the
machine.
Avoid placing any flammable materials near the exhaust outlet during operation.
Keep the machine at least 1 m (3 ft) from buildings or other equipment, or the engine
may overheat.
Avoid operating the engine with a dust cover.
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 2000 GENERATOR
Instructions are on the side of the generator.
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Slide choke lever to the “ON” position.
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 2000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Turn on-off switch to “ON” position
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 2000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
After pulling start rope several times and engine starts,
you may slowly return choke to the “OFF” position.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
RUNNING THE GENERAC
2000 GENERATOR
• Use no longer extension
cord than is necessary.
• Use higher amperage
rated cords when
available such as 12 ga.
rated instead of 14.
• Do not overload the
generator with more total
amps than it can handle.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENRATOR
Instructions are on the generator
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Check fuel level. Refill as needed.
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Turn “FUEL SHUTOFF” to the “ON” position.
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Move “CHOKE” lever to the “ON” position.
O
H
I
O
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
Pull on starter rope until engine starts.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
STARTING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
After a few seconds, as
the engine warms up,
slowly return choke lever
to midpoint,
and then to the “OFF
position
O
H
I
O
RUNNING THE GENERAC 4000 GENERATOR
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
•
•
•
Use no longer extension cord than is
necessary.
Use higher amperage rated cords when
available such as 12 ga. rated instead of 14.
Do not overload the generator with more
total amps than it can handle.
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
O
H
I
O
S
P
E
C
I
A
L
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
T
E
A
M
This completes the training on this subject.