Transcript Slide 1

Smart Grid
APPA Annual Meeting
Kiah Harris
Burns & McDonnell
June 15, 2009
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
What is Smart Grid?
What is available today?
What projects are municipal utilities considering?
What is required for Smart Grid development?
Open for q/a.
2
Smart Grid
• Concept of the Smart Grid crystallized in the 2003
blackout:
– Lack of knowledge about system conditions among
operators
– Goal was to make the transmission system more secure by
collecting more data faster to provide better status of the
system to operators
– Take many decisions out of operator realm and move to
computer controls
• Expanded in the 2007 Energy Independence and
Security Act to include:
– Customer centric features like load management
– Integration of renewable and traditional distributed
generation
– Distribution system optimization
– Numerous other considerations to make the system more
efficient and avoid additional investment
3
From the 2007 Energy Independence
and Security Act
It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization
of the Nation’s electricity transmission and distribution system
and to achieve each of the following, which together characterize a
Smart Grid:
-Increased use of digital information and controls technology
-Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources
-Deployment and integration of distributed resources, including renewable
-Development and incorporation of demand response,
demand-side resources, and energy-efficiency resources
-Deployment and integration of ‘‘smart’’ technologies (real-time, automated,
interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation
of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications
concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation
-Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage
and peak-shaving technologies
-Provision to consumers of timely information and control
options
-Development of standards
4
So, Smart Grid is
• Advanced technology to move information across
sectors and control equipment
– Computers
– Monitors and sensors
– Control devices
• Extensive data management system that allows use
of data across enterprise
• Expanded two way communication system between
utility operations, system facilities, customers
• Network Security
5
Supply Chain is Changing
From serial…
To circular…
6
Advancing Technology is the Enabler for
Smart Generation
Smart Transmission
Smart Distribution
Utilities can advance
Smart Grid to any or
all of these areas…
Smart Customers
7
Smart Generation will use Load and
Distributed Generation More Extensively
• One considered benefit of the Smart Grid will be to advance
load control for expanded use for generation control and
reserves.
• Growth projections of 200GW over next 20 years
– Can use load to reduce quantity of reserves
• Can manipulate load to effectively work with non-dispatchable
renewable resources, like wind and solar. (more effective with
storage capabilities)
• Use distributed generation to:
– Manage feeder loading during peaks
– Reduce system losses, outage times
– Create micro-grids during outages
8
The Smart Transmission System will be
More Closely Monitored
• Transmission systems are already highly monitored via SCADA
• Two major areas for transmission systems:
– New devices allow faster recognition of conditions-Synchro Phasor
project (time coordinated across interconnect)
– Advanced asset management for lines and substation equipment
• Provide faster real time information to control centers about
status of system
• Provide predictive maintenance with real time analysis
• Allow better use of investment through use of probabilistic
analysis
• Allow better flow control over transmission system for use in
preemptive control concept through rerouting or redistribution
of loads to avoid problems
9
The Smart Distribution System will
• Work with customer systems to minimize peak loads, reduce
losses, extend investments in feeders
• Allow more system switching so that smallest portion of
affected systems is isolated during disturbances
• Provide enhanced monitoring of substations and feeders
• Provide enhanced work order management
• Move away from customer call-in for outage notification
• Use distributed automation to enhance feeder switching which
will reduce outage times and allow micro-grid development
• Provide opportunities for additional services to municipal
entities
10
Mirco-Grid Possibilities
• Use of Distributed Automation and distributed
generation during outages can create Micro-Grids to
keep the lights on for some of the customers
Requires managing loads, isolation from main grid
11
Other Uses of Smart Grid for Distribution
• With AMI, remote connect and disconnect can be
used
• Better customer service with increased sensing on
the system
• Voltage reduction for load control can be better
optimized
• Load research and bill inquiries
• Work order integration and more accurate
deployment of work force
• Assist with other municipal services
12
Smart Customers will Participate in
Consumption Decisions
• Three aspects to Customer
– Rates aligned with costs
– Two way communications between utility and customer for
information transfer
– Technology at end use location to gather data on end use,
allow better control and to use information from utility
• Goal is to inform customers so that they adjust
consumption to reduce cost of supply
• Customers are key to energy efficiency
enhancements
– Purchasers of buildings and renovations
– Purchasers of appliances
– Users of electricity
• Without energy efficiency, rates will be increasing
rapidly with costs of new resources, fuel and
emissions
13
The Smart Grid is an Enabler Technology
• The Smart Grid will be a key enabler in the
Customer transformation
– Enable dynamic pricing
– Integration with “Intelligent” building systems for
automated energy response
– New view of operational “value” vs cost
– As advanced technology becomes more
affordable, new service offerings will come about
– Pricing differential allows new evaluation of
investment in storage, distributed generation and
load management
14
Dynamic Pricing
50
45
40
Winter Day in MISO
35
$/MWh
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Hours
15
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Dynamic Pricing
(continued)
180
160
140
Summer Day in MISO
120
$/MWh
100
80
Typical energy
rate seen
by customer
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Hours
16
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
The Smart Customer will
• Require education on transformation to smart grid
• See technology and software evolve at building and
home network level, appliances
• Use dynamic pricing to:
– Optimize usage and minimize bills
– Make more educated conservation and demand side
management investments
• Add distributed generation that makes sense and
allow utility to control
• Provide load control opportunities for the utility
17
Communications and Network Security
will be a Major Aspect
18
Smart Grid will Produce A Lot of Data
• Produced by
– AMI/AMR meters
– Smart Devices (appliances, asset management)
• Produced by Distributed Generation
– Wind turbines and solar panels
– Combined heat and power
– Backup units
• Huge amount of information to be collected,
processed, validated, corrected, etc. on an hourly or
sooner basis
• Requires a data management system to be able to
use enterprise wide
19
What is Available Today?
• Devices to allow customers to understand their
consumption and cost
– Programmable thermostats
– Internet (now for cost data from utility, developing the
usage capability)
– Third party additions to AMR systems
– Advanced metering infrastructure
– In-home displays
• Devices to automatically bring back customer usage
data over short intervals
– AMR, AMI
• Remote connect and disconnect through meter
• Automatic outage notification through meter
What is Available Today?
• End use customer facility management
systems:
– Building energy management systems for
commercial buildings
– Early deployment of home management systems
• Distributed Automation systems to allow:
– Feeder sectionalizing and capacitor switching
– Voltage monitoring and controls
– Distributed generation integration
• Asset management
– Real time transformer gas analysis
Projects Municipal Utilities are Pursuing
Include…
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure
– Two way communications
– Meter data management system
– Enterprise wide data availability
• Distribution Automation
– Capacitor switching
– Feeder sectionalizing switching
– Communications
• Substation SCADA
– Conversion of electro-mechanical relays to computer units
– Addition of remote terminal units to monitor facilities and
system parameters
– Communications
• Enterprise wide customer information systems
22
Creating a Smart Grid
• Determine what your objective is for the SG:
– Increase customer service?
– Allow customers freedom to purchase based on dynamic pricing?
– Improve distribution/transmission system operations?
• Identify what you need to achieve the objective:
– Advanced metering infrastructure/two way communications?
– Internet based?
– Distribution automation?
• What do I already have that advances the cause and what
more do I need? Pilot project to verify approach?
• How will I manage:
– Security?
– Data?
• Where can I start now to achieve part of the objective and
where will I need to prepare a longer term roll out?
– AMI
– Communications
– Enterprise wide data management
23
Stimulus Money
• Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
– Section 1306 authorized the Smart Grid Investment Grant
Program
– Modified by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
of 2009
– 50% matching grant (grant size of $500,000 to $200
million)
• Two major types of Smart Grid projects
– Projects that advance the digital upgrades of the grid
– Projects that deploy Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
– Most public power utilities will go for the digital upgrade
type projects
• Will require ongoing monitoring and reporting to
DOE once a quarter
• Final requirements out mid June. Currently have a
Notice of Intent
24
Wrap UP
• The Smart Grid will use advanced digital devices to
enhance the speed at which data is collected and
the quality of information on all aspects of the
system.
• SG can affect all areas of operations to enhance
operations, minimize investment and improve
customer service.
• SG interface with customers can be a major
component.
• Providing time varying pricing to all smart customers
for them to make decisions on usage is critical piece
for load adjustments.
25
Wrap UP
• SG for the smart customer requires significant
education.
• SG requires extensive communications on the
system and to and from customers. Security has to
be considered.
• SG entails dealing with a significant amount of data
that needs to be turned into information quickly.
• The SG installation will take years to fully realize.
As technology changes, new opportunities will be
created.
• Stimulus money can be applied for to support SG
projects.
• Need to wind up with more than an expensive
meter reading system.
26
Questions??
Contact info for Kiah:
[email protected]
27