Transcript Slide 1
Surface Disposal (Solids) Analiza U. Miso, Xavier University Adapted from TILLEY et al. (2008) Surface Disposal 1 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Copyright & Disclaimer Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the opensource concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: You are free to: • Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document • Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: • Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Surface Disposal Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Contents 1. Concept 2. How it can optimize SSWM 3. Design principals 4. Operation and maintenance 5. Applicability 6. Advantages and disadvantages 7. References Surface Disposal 3 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 1. Concept Overview • Surface Disposal refers to the stockpiling of sludge, faeces, biosolids, or other materials that cannot be used elsewhere. • Once the material has been taken to a surface disposal site, it is not used later. • This technology is primarily used for biosolids, although it is applicable for any type of dry, unusable material. Surface Disposal 4 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. How it can optimize SSWM The surface disposal of sludge, faeces, bio-solids etc. can help in optimizing your local water management and sanitation system and make it more sustainable by: •Allowing for a controlled disposal where other treatment and reuse options are not possible or acceptable •Reducing nuisance and the risk of direct contact with the material if located far from and protected from the public. Surface Disposal 5 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 3. Design Principals • This technology is done by simply stockpiling of sludge, faeces, biosolids, or other materials that cannot be used elsewhere. • More advanced surface disposal systems may incorporate a liner and leachate collection system in order to prevent nutrients and contaminants from infiltrating the groundwater. Functional Design of a Surface Disposal. Source: TILLEY et al. (2008) Surface Disposal 6 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 4. Operation and Maintenance • Maintenance staff should ensure that only appropriate materials are disposed of at the site, and must maintain control over the traffic and hours of operation. Surface Disposal 7 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 5. Applicability • Since there are no benefits gained from this type of disposal technology, it should not be considered as a primary option. • However, where acceptance towards biosolid use does not exist, the contained and controlled stockpiling of biosolids is far preferable to uncontrolled dumping. • Biosolids can be applied in almost every climate and environment, although they should not be stored where there is frequent flooding or where the groundwater table is high. Surface Disposal 8 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 6. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages: Disadvantages: • Can make use of vacant or abandoned land •Non-beneficial use of a resource • Low cost • May prevent disposal unmitigated • Simple technique for all users (TILLEY et al. 2008) •Odours are normally noticeable (depending on prior treatment) •May require equipment special spreading •Micro-polutants may accumulate in the soil and contaminate groundwater (TILLEY et al. 2008) Surface Disposal 9 Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 7. References TILLEY, E., LÜTHI, C., MOREL, A., ZURBRÜGG, C., SCHERTENLEIB, R. (2008): Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science (EAWAG) & Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). Pp 149-150. Surface Disposal 10 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Compiled by: Surface Disposal 11