Transcript CVFD Training – Rescue Operations

CVFD Training – Rescue
Operations
SFFMA Training Objectives:
9-01.06
Primary Search
Rapid but thorough search performed before or during fire suppression
Often carried out under extremely adverse conditions
Check known/likely locations of victims
Confirm fire conditions
Firefighter I
8–2
Secondary Search
• Conducted after fire under control
• Conducted by personnel other than primary
search personnel
• Slower, more thorough search to ensure no
occupants overlooked during primary
search
Firefighter I
8–3
Primary Search Operations
• Standard search priorities
• Use buddy system
• Appropriate equipment
– Radio
– TIC
– Flashlight
– Forcible entry tools
– Search rope
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–4
Primary Search Operations
• Search may be conducted by
– Walking upright
– Crawling on hands/knees
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–5
Primary Search Operations
• When searching
– Move systematically
– Search each room
completely
– Listen for sounds from victims
– Start as close to fire as possible
– Proceed as directly as possible from entry and pay
out tagline
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–6
Primary Search Operations
• When searching
– Search bathrooms, bathtubs, etc.
– Search perimeter of rooms
– Extend arms/legs or use tool to
reach under furniture
– After perimeter searched, search
middle of room
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–7
Primary Search Operations
• Visibility
– May be limited; use
TIC
– May be obscured by
smoke; report to IC
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–8
Primary Search Operations
• Making reports
– Report essentials to supervisor/Command
– Maintain radio contact with supervisor
– Negative information also important
– Inform IC of unsearched areas
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–9
Primary Search Operations
• Search line system
– Consists of 200 feet (60 m) of ⅜-inch (10 mm)
rope with Kevlar™ sheath
– Every 20 feet (6 m) along length, 2-inch (50
mm) steel ring tied into line
(Continued)
Courtesy of Jeff Seaton.
Firefighter I
8–10
Primary Search Operations
• Search line system
– Rings also provide anchor
point for lateral tethers
Courtesy of Jeff Seaton.
– Implementing search line system
– May become necessary to search areas
perpendicular to search line
– Navigator keeps Command informed of progress
Firefighter I
8–11
Secondary Search Operations
• Assigned to personnel other than primary
search personnel
• Speed not as important as thoroughness
• Conducted as systematically as primary search
to ensure no spaces missed
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–12
Secondary Search Operations
• Conducted more
slowly, carefully
than primary search
• Any negative
information should
be reported immediately
Firefighter I
8–13
DISCUSSION QUESTION
When is it safe to remove your SCBA during a
secondary search?
Firefighter I
8–14
Searching Multistory Buildings
• Most critical areas
are fire floor, floor
directly above fire,
and topmost floor
• Once critical areas
searched,
intervening floors
should be checked
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–15
Searching Multistory Buildings
• During primary search,
unless a part of ventilation,
doors to uninvolved rooms
should be closed
• Exits, hallways, stairs should
be kept clear as possible
Firefighter I
8–16
Search Methods
• When rooms, offices, apartments extend from
center hallway, search line system can be used
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–17
Search Methods
• If search line system cannot be used
– Teams should be assigned to search both sides of
hallway
– Critically important to control access/egress
– Entering first room, searchers turn right or left and
follow walls around room
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–18
Search Methods
• If search line system cannot be used
– As rescuers leave room, turn in same direction
used to enter room
– When removing victims to safety or exiting,
rescuers must turn opposite direction used to
enter
– Important that rescuers exit through same
doorway entered
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–19
Search Methods
• In some departments, small rooms are
searched by using a thermal imaging camera
(TIC)
Firefighter I
8–20
If No TIC Available
• One member stays at door while other
searches
• Searcher remains oriented by maintaining
constant dialogue with member at door
• Searcher keeps member at door informed of
progress
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–21
If No TIC Available
• When search completed, two rejoin at
doorway, close and mark door, proceed to
next room
• When searching next room, exchange roles
Firefighter I
8–22
Marking Systems
• Several methods used
• Latch straps serve function of
preventing other rescuers from
being locked out of room
• Departmental SOPs usually
dictate accepted method
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–23
Marking Systems
• Marks should be placed on lower third of door
• Some departments train teams to use a twopart system
Firefighter I
8–24
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What are some examples of marking systems
used by your department?
Firefighter I
8–25
Building Search Safety
• Search initiated on arrival
• Guidelines for rescuers
– Work quickly, operate safely
– Always be alert for weakened/hazardous
structural conditions
– Feel floor to be sure intact
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–26
Building Search Safety
• Firefighters on or directly below fire floor
should be alert for sagging floors, etc. to
indicate floor/ceiling above or below has
weakened
Firefighter I
8–27
When Searching Within A Burning
Building
• Open doors cautiously
• Feel top of door and
door knob to
determine heat level
• Do not remain in front
of door while being opened
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–28
When Searching Within A Burning
Building
• Stay on hinge side of outward-opening doors
• If inward-opening door difficult to open, do
not kick door; place strap behind knob to
maintain control while opening
Firefighter I
8–29
If in Imminent Life-Threatening
Danger
• Transmit Mayday!
• Activate PASS device
• Communicate situation to
supervisor/Command
• Actions when contact made
Firefighter I
8–30
If Hoseline Can Be Located
• Crawl along and feel for couplings
– Female – Toward nozzle, has smaller lugs
– Male – Toward water source, has lungs on shank
• Follow hoseline to exit or nozzle team
Firefighter I
8–31
If Unable to Retrace Steps
• Look for exit from
building
• Search by locating
wall and crawling
along while sweeping floor with one hand and
sweeping wall as high as possible without
standing up
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–32
If Unable to Retrace Steps
• Sweeping hand back and forth on floor will
help avoid holes, other openings into which
fall may be possible
• Sweep walls while crawling to help locate
window
• Take appropriate actions if outside window
found
Firefighter I
8–33
If Possible to Escape Without
Assistance
• Take appropriate action if
equipped with escape rope
• If not equipped with escape
rope, safely drop from second
story window by removing
SCBA and hanging from
windowsill by hands
Firefighter I
8–34
If Door Can Be Found
• Secure door with rope/strap attached to knob
so can be closed quickly
• Check door for heat before opening
• If cool to touch, open slowly, carefully
• If door leads to closet or fire on other side,
continue along wall in same direction
Firefighter I
8–35
If Exit Through Door/Window Not
Possible
• Break through
interior or exterior
wall
• Follow guidelines
for attempting to
breach interior
wall
Firefighter I
8–36
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What should be done if the space between
studs is not enough to escape through?
Firefighter I
8–37
If Unable to Exit
• Activate PASS device and move close to wall
• If exhausted, sit on floor and lean against wall
• If unable to reach wall, position flashlight
toward ceiling
Firefighter I
8–38
When Trapped Suffering Injury
• Find place of relative safety
and activate PASS device
• If against wall, tap or pound
on wall with tool or hard
object
• Try to maintain composure to
maximize air supply
Firefighter I
8–39
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
• Must be standing by when firefighters are
in hazard zone inside burning building
• Composed of at least two firefighters
equipped to enter hazard zone to
locate/rescue firefighter in distress
• IC may decide RIC needs more than two
firefighters
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–40
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
• Members may be assigned nonessential duties
as long as they can be abandoned
• Other allowable assignments
– Location relatively close to hazard zone
– Must not require much physical exertion
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–41
Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
• May be more than one at a given fire,
especially if interior crews entered building at
different points
Firefighter I
8–42
Actions by Rescuers Searching for
Firefighter in Distress
• Remember firefighter will probably be
wearing SCBA
• Try to establish radio contact
• IC may order noise-producing devices be shut
down
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–43
Actions by Rescuers Searching for
Firefighter in Distress
• If actions unsuccessful, attempt to determine
last known location
• TIC should be used
• RIC should stop frequently to listen
• Crew members may hold breath for complete
silence
Firefighter I
8–44
Actions Once Downed Firefighter
Located
• Air supply should be checked
• Firefighter should be medically evaluated
• Level of consciousness, vital signs should be
checked
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–45
Actions Once Downed Firefighter
Located
• If unable to walk, use any safe means possible
to move
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–46
Actions Once Downed Firefighter
Located
• Need to exit hostile atmosphere usually
overrides need to stabilize injuries prior to
moving
• If firefighter has functioning SCBA, carefully
move him/her so as not to dislodge mask
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–47
Actions Once Downed Firefighter
Located
• If no functioning SCBA, connect mask to
functioning SCBA from RIC kit or quickly
remove victim from hazardous atmosphere
Firefighter I
8–48
Tracking Devices
• Some departments
equip firefighters with
digital radio transceivers
• Approximately same
size as PASS device and
mounted on SCBA
harness
Courtesy of Exit Technologies.
(Continued)
Firefighter I
8–49
Tracking Devices
• Have range of approximately 100 feet (30 m)
and do not interfere with radios
• Operate on 457 kHz
• Always turned on when entering burning
building
(Continued)
Courtesy of Exit Technologies.
Firefighter I
8–50
Tracking Devices
• Signal allows fellow team members or RIC to
locate downed firefighter
• If firefighter becomes separated from team,
his/her transceiver can be switched from
standby to search mode
Firefighter I
8–51