Transcript Slide 1
The Revolutionary Reconstruction 1920-1940 • Each president after 1920 would lead Mexico toward social and economic changes based on the Constitution of 1917 • Church & Education • Mexican Art & Society • Revolutionary Mexico extolled its own traditions, its native peoples, and preColumbian past Mexican Art • The Mexican Revolution ushered social changes in Mexico • Mexicanness or mexicanidad encompassed paintings & murals • Themes in Mexican art included those depicting the plight of their indigenous ancestors • Goal: enabling all Mexicans to understand the grandeur of their history & culture Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949) Self-Portrait, 1946 Jose Clemente Orozco • A painter who specialized in bold murals • Orozco themes in his murals include the theme of human suffering, he promoted the political causes of peasants and workers • Unlike Rivera, Orozco did not glorify the revolution in his work instead he opted in describing the suffering caused by the revolution Omniciencia, 1925 by Jose Clemente Orozco The Trench (1926) Visualizes the carrying of the cross of the Revolution by the peasants who are giving their life for the cause Hard at work, Orosco is pictured here creating his mural for Dartmouth College. He worked on this mural from 1932-1934. The Epic of American Civilization at Dartmouth College One of his most famous murals it was painted between 1932 and 1934 and covers almost 3200 sq. feet in 24 panels. Its parts include: "Migrations," "Human Sacrifices," "The Appearance of Quetzalcoatl," "Corn Culture," "Anglo-America," "Hispano-America," "Science" and another version of "Christ Destroys His Cross". • The mural “The People and its Leaders” in the government palace in Guadalajara Mexico included the father of Mexican independence Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • Orozco was described by critics as a passionate painter but not a patriotic politician Man of Fire by Jose Clemente Orozco • Created in 1939 at Cabañas Cultural Institute in Guadalajara • His creation is known as the Sistine Chapel of the Americas • This masterpiece demonstrates the Mesoamerican idea of man sacrificing himself so the sun may continue to shine • Part of the mural found in the Colegio de Ildefonso in Mexico, City titled “Cortes y la Malinche” • This is Orozco’s version of miscegenation, the mixing of races (Spanish and indigenous blood) •At their feet is the Mexican race David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974) David Alfaro Siqueiros • Social realist painter, a member of the Communist Party • Siqueiros believed art should be public, educational, and ideological • Throughout his artwork he painted a story of human struggle to overcome authoritarian, capitalism, he depicted everyday people involved in this struggle Portrait of the Bourgeoisie (1940) Depicts the two forces operating as a single political machine, swallowing workers to create wealth El Pueblo a la Universidad, la universidad al Pueblo (1952) In 1950, he accepted a commission from the Mexican government to create an outdoor mural at UNAM The Torment of Cuauhtémoc by David Alfaro Siqueiros • Created in 1950 and found in the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City •Cuauhtémoc became a symbol of resistance and strength for Mexicans Democracy breaking her chains (1934) Palacio de Bellas Artes Proletariat Mother (1929) La Marcha de la Humanidad Diego Rivera (1886-1957) Diego Rivera • • • • His Childhood & Education His time in Europe Return to Mexico, becoming a muralist A member of the communist party, co-founder of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers, Painters, and Sculptors • His travels & murals in the U.S. • His last years & art work Mural at the National Palace in Mexico City This mural is depicting the history of Mexico Disembarkation of the Spanish at Veracruz by Diego Rivera Palacio Nacional, Mexico City (1929-1945) Mural “Detroit Industry” (1932-33) 27 panels created as a tribute to the city's manufacturing base and labor force of the 1930s. It took him 11 months to complete the project. Day of the Dead – City Fiesta (1923-24) El Porteador de Flores (1935) Woman Grinding Maize Madre y Niño Portrait of Guadalupe (1926) Portrait of Lupe Marin (1938) Marin was Rivera’s second wife and mother to his two daughters Guadalupe and Ruth