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Lone Star: The Story of Texas
Chapter 11
Immigration and
Migration to Texas:
1836 - 1861
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Lone Star: The Story of Texas
Chapter 11: Immigration and Migration to Texas: 1836 - 1861
Section 1:
A Growing State
Section 2:
New Texans From Other States
Section 3:
The Germans in Texas
Section 4:
Other Immigrants From
Around the World
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
A Growing State
Chapter 11, Section 1
• What was the main reason people
immigrated to Texas in the 1800s?
• Why did Texas continue using the
empresario system?
• What were some hardships faced by most
immigrants?
The Causes of Immigration to Texas in the Mid 1800s
Chapter 11, Section 1
Statehood made
Texas seem safer
to immigrants
Land was plentiful
and cheap.
Events in Europe,
such as war and
famine, led people
to leave
Immigration to Texas
The Panic of 1837
led people to start
fresh and leave
their debts behind.
Texas Attracts New Settlers
Chapter 11, Section 1
The Land Grant System
Immigrants received land in Texas through the following
land grant system:
• A person applied for land in a particular county.
• If the request was approved, a certificate was issued.
• The landowner hired a surveyor to mark off a plot of
land.
• The surveyor received part of the land as payment.
Land grants attracted many people who jumped at the
chance to get cheap land in Texas. As people settled and
improved their land, the value of the surrounding land
increased as well.
The New Empresarios
Chapter 11, Section 1
• Texas not only gave land to individuals and
families. It also gave land to empresarios. These
land agents agreed to settle large numbers of
people in a short period of time. In exchange,
they received some of the best sections of land.
• Empresarios came to Texas to make money.
Some Texans opposed the idea of millions of
acres of land falling into private hands.
The Immigrant Experience
Chapter 11, Section 1
Journey by Land
The journey to Texas by
land was difficult. The
roads and trails of Texas
were dusty, rutted, and
bumpy. Many
immigrants had to travel
on foot.
Journey by Sea
The journey to Texas by
sea was uncomfortable.
Immigrants from
overseas often had to
spend months on
crowded ships. Diseases
spread quickly and killed
many people.
A Growing State - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 1
How did Texas benefit from having immigrants settle there?
(A) Settlers could maintain the land instead of the government.
(B) Texans enjoyed learning about other cultures.
(C) The value of the land increased as settlers moved in.
(D) Immigrants brought large amounts of cash, which Texas needed.
To emigrate means to
(A) leave one job and move to another.
(B) settle a large number of people in a short period of time.
(C) give settlers property through the land grant system.
(D) leave one country or region and move to another.
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A Growing State - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 1
How did Texas benefit from having immigrants settle there?
(A) Settlers could maintain the land instead of the government.
(B) Texans enjoyed learning about other cultures.
(C) The value of the land increased as settlers moved in.
(D) Immigrants brought large amounts of cash, which Texas needed.
To emigrate means to
(A) leave one job and move to another.
(B) settle a large number of people in a short period of time.
(C) give settlers property through the land grant system.
(D) leave one country or region and move to another.
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
New Texans From Other States
Chapter 11, Section 2
• What were the main differences between
immigrants from the Upper South and the
Lower South?
• Where in Texas did most enslaved African
Americans live?
• Where was the Peters Colony?
Individual Immigration From Other States
Chapter 11, Section 2
Most people who came to Texas came from southern states.
Upper South - Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, North
Carolina, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and the Ohio River Valley
Lower South - South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,
Arkansas, and Louisiana
Immigrants from the Upper South
• Many came from places where
slavery was popular.
• Most were not slaveholders
themselves.
• Most were farmers with little
money.
Immigrants from the Lower South
• Many believed in slavery.
• They built plantations along
the Texas coast and produced
cotton.
African American Immigrants
Chapter 11, Section 2
• By 1850, there were more than 60,000 African
Americans living in Texas. Most were enslaved;
about 400 were free.
• Most enslaved African Americans came from
other states. Americans could no longer buy
slaves from Africa.
• Most enslaved African Americans lived in the
eastern part of Texas.
• The Texas slave code made manumission illegal.
Manumission means “the freeing of slaves.”
Organized Immigration From Other States
Chapter 11, Section 2
The Peters Colony
• William S. Peters was an empresario who agreed to settle
200 families in his colony in three years. In return, he would
receive huge land grants.
• The Peters Colony was located near present-day Dallas.
Between 1841 and 1848, some 2,200 families settled there.
• Many Texans opposed Peters’ contract. They believed that
empresarios were no longer needed. Public outcry led to
the end of the empresario system in the mid-1840s.
Fisher-Miller Land Grant
• Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller won the right to
settle families on land in Comanche territory. They were
unable to find settlers, however.
New Texans From Other States - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 2
Who would have been most likely to celebrate if manumission had been
allowed in Texas?
(A) Farmers
(B) Empresarios
(C) Ranchers
(D) Slaves
What did slaveholders grow in plantations along the Texas coast?
(A) Broccoli
(B) Sweet peas
(C) Cotton
(D) Tobacco
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New Texans From Other States - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 2
Who would have been most likely to celebrate if manumission had been
allowed in Texas?
(A) Farmers
(B) Empresarios
(C) Ranchers
(D) Slaves
What did slaveholders grow in plantations along the Texas coast?
(A) Broccoli
(B) Sweet peas
(C) Cotton
(D) Tobacco
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
The Germans in Texas
Chapter 11, Section 3
• What led the first Germans to immigrate to
Texas?
• Why did German leaders want to establish
a colony in Texas?
• To what groups did some of the German
immigrants belong?
The First German Immigrants
Chapter 11, Section 3
Johann Friedrich Ernst- among the first to lead
Germans into Texas
• He received a Texas land grant of 4,000 acres in
1831.
• This land was located in the northwest corner of
present-day Austin County.
• His letters home inspired other Germans to
immigrate.
• He gave support and financial assistance to new
German settlers.
• He earned the nickname “Father of the
Immigrants.”
The German People
Chapter 11, Section 3
•
•
•
•
Most Germans who came to Texas were farmers.
Some were skilled craftspeople.
Most were not poor.
A group of German intellectuals tried, and failed,
to set up utopias in Texas.
• German Belt - the area in Texas where most
Germans settled
• Germans introduced the custom of the Easter
Fires of Fredericksburg.
• Utopia - an ideal community where residents
share the work and the property
The Germans Come to Texas - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 3
What group formed the Adelsverein?
(A) German farmers
(B) Empresarios
(C) Nobles
(D) Skilled craftsmen
In a utopian community, residents _______________.
(A) share the work and the property
(B) are governed by a Commissioner General
(C) are highly educated
(D) work to improve relations with the Native Americans
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
The Germans Come to Texas - Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 3
What group formed the Adelsverein?
(A) German farmers
(B) Empresarios
(C) Nobles
(D) Skilled craftsmen
In a utopian community, residents _______________.
(A) share the work and the property
(B) are governed by a Commissioner General
(C) are highly educated
(D) work to improve relations with the Native Americans
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
Other Immigrants From Around the World
Chapter 11, Section 4
• What hardships did Henri Castro’s
colonists face in Texas?
• What are some of the reasons that people
from other countries immigrated to Texas?
Immigrants From France
Chapter 11, Section 4
• Europeans who settled in Texas had to
assimilate. That means they had to change their
customs and habits to those of the surrounding
culture.
• Henri Castro settled 2,000 French colonists in
Texas. He founded the towns of Castroville, Quihi,
Vandenburg, and D’Hanis.
• La Réunion was a utopian community of French
immigrants near present-day Dallas. Poor soil
and lack of farming knowledge caused it to fail.
• By 1860, there were almost 2,000 French-born
people in Texas.
Other Immigrants
Chapter 11, Section 4
The Poles
Immigrated to Texas to escape war and revolution. Built Panna
Maria, the first permanent Polish colony in the United States,
in Karnes County.
The Swiss
Built the town of Vernon in Wilbarger County and founded
Schoenau in Austin County.
The Irish
An Irishman, William Kennedy, wrote The Rise, Progress, and
Prospects of Texas, which persuaded many settlers to come
to Texas.
Norwegians
and Swedes
Settled the towns of Cranfills Gap, Clifton, and Norse.
Hungarians
and Czechs
László Újházi helped found the Republican party in Bexar
County. He also settled the towns of Hostyn and Praha.
Mexicans
Nearly every part of Texas bears the stamp of their culture.
Other Immigrants From Around the World
- Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 4
What does assimilate mean?
(A) To change political parties
(B) To rotate crops so the soil does not wear out
(C) To change one’s customs to those of the surrounding culture
(D) To change one’s religious beliefs
Why did Poles immigrate to Texas?
(A) To escape war and revolution
(B) To start a utopia
(C) To escape famine
(D) To escape religious persecution
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!
Other Immigrants From Around the World
- Assessment
Chapter 11, Section 4
What does assimilate mean?
(A) To change political parties
(B) To rotate crops so the soil does not wear out
(C) To change one’s customs to those of the surrounding culture
(D) To change one’s religious beliefs
Why did Poles immigrate to Texas?
(A) To escape war and revolution
(B) To start a utopia
(C) To escape famine
(D) To escape religious persecution
Want to link to the Lone Star Internet activity for this chapter? Click here!