Transcript Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
An Overview
Definition of TOD
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What Is TOD?
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TOD is a synergism between land use and transit with
the following key characteristics:
– Compact Mixture of Uses;
– Pedestrian Friendly and Walkable; and
– Supportive of a Variety of Transit Options.
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More About TOD
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TOD provides access to a full range of
transportation options:
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Walking
Bicycling
Rail Transit
Bus Transit
Automobile
Transit stations are at the center of TODs;
The area within ¼ mile (or a five minute walk) of
these stations forms the TOD core.
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TOD Core’s Features
• A vibrant mix of uses
including:
– Residential
– Retail
– Office
– Commercial
– Institutional
• Thoughtfully designed
community spaces;
• Exciting, pedestrian friendly areas for live, work and play.
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• Modern TODs are the
original Railroad Suburb
concept modified to accept
the auto.
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TOD Schematic Diagram
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Benefits of TOD
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Benefits of TOD
• Increase transit ridership and reduce number of
automobile trips generated;
• Improve air quality;
• Provide opportunities for neighborhood connections;
• Increase sense of community; and
• Reduce household fuel costs associated with heavy
auto use.
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Benefits Of TOD (Cont.)
• Promote attractive, safe, walkable mixed-use
neighborhoods; and
• Increase value and income for property owners.
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Benefits Of TOD (Cont.)
• Expand markets and increase revenues for businesses;
• Enhance tax revenues for local governments from
rising land values;
• Increase
development and
business
transactions in
areas near transit.
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Demand for TOD
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What Do Demographers Say?
• Demographers estimate that as much as 30 percent of
the demand for housing is for denser, walkable,
mixed-use communities; and
• Currently, less than 2 percent of new housing starts
are in this category.
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Who Will Live Near Transit Stations?
• Single householders and couples without
children (regardless of age) will generate
nearly two-thirds of the total demand for TOD,
a disproportionate share given their percentage
of total households; and
• Households with children will account for only
about 20 percent of the demand for TOD.
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National TOD Database
• 3,353 Fixed Transit Stations in 28 regions
1/4 and 1/2 mile radii + metropolitan comparison.
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A Rapidly Growing TOD Literature
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Real Estate Investment Adjacent to Transit
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Washington DC, $15 billion (since 1976);
Portland, $3 billion (since the late 1970s);
Dallas, $1 billion (since 1996);
St. Louis, $1 billion (since 1993); and
Charlotte, $400 million (2000-2003).
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Examples of TOD Projects
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TOD Project #1:
Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor
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Project Location
• Arlington County, Virginia.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• Five Metro Rail stations in the corridors; and
• Transit operator is the Washington
Metropolitan Area Transportation Authority
(WMATA).
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TOD Facts
• Over 21 million square feet of office, retail,
and commercial space;
• More than 3,000 hotel rooms; and
• Almost 25,000 residences.
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Corridor Development Patterns
1970
2000
Office (sf)
6.7 million
30 million
Retail (sf)
.6 million
4.1 million
5,300
26,500
27,000
120,000
1:5
1:4.6
Housing Units
Jobs
Housing/Jobs Balance
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Rosslyn-Ballston Corridor Photo
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Lessons Learned
• Think big and involve all stakeholders in dialogue;
• Take your time on the big “framework” decisions.
Once the framework is set, stick to it;
• Have high expectations;
• Plan well;
• Be patient;
• Maintain integrity of plan;
• Be consistent; and
• Density can motivate the private sector.
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TOD Project #2:
Bethesda Metro Center
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Project Location
• Bethesda, Maryland.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• Metro rail operated by the Washington
Metropolitan Area Transit Authority;
• First train departs: Station opens- 5:04 a.m.
Shady Grove- 5:28 a.m. Glenmont- 5:14 a.m.
Last train departs: Shady Grove- 12:23 a.m.
Wheaton- 11:47 p.m. (Weekday schedules);
• Metrobus connection: J2, J3, J4, J7, J9.
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TOD Facts
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Some 400,000 square feet of office space;
A 380-room Hyatt Hotel;
60,000 square feet of retail space; and
The air-rights lease at the Bethesda Station
generates $1.6 million annually in rents.
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Metro Bethesda Station TOD Photo
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TOD Project #3:
Orenco Station Town Center
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Project Location
• Hillsboro, Oregon.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• Light Rail operated by Portland Tri-Met; and
• Orenco Station is a neighborhood of the city of
Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. The planned
urban town center was designed as a
pedestrian friendly, high density community
built in conjunction with TriMet’s Westside
light rail.
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TOD Facts
• 450 to 500 attached town homes and detached
homes;
• 1,400 luxury apartment units;
• a town center that will initially feature 25,000
square feet of retail space, with 22 apartments
or lofts above retail establishments and 24
live-work town homes; and
• an additional 30,000 square feet of retail space
will be available for future development.
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Orenco Station Master Plan
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TOD Project #4:
Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway
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Project Location
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• The Martin Luther King Jr. East Busway is a
two-lane dedicated bus-only highway serving
the City of Pittsburgh and many of its eastern
neighborhoods and suburbs. Total length is 9.1
miles; and
• Three Port Authority routes and other express
and suburban Flyer routes utilize the busway
seven days a week.
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TOD Facts
• 59 new developments within 1,500 feet radius
of station;
• $302 million in land development benefits of
which $275 million was construction. 80%
clustered at station;
• New construction and renovation of existing
buildings; and
• Retail, office and residential uses are most
common.
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TOD Project #5:
“NoHo” Arts District
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Project Location
• Los Angeles, California.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• Metro Red Line (Heavy Rail); and
• Metro Orange Line (BRT).
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TOD Facts
• Through the hard work of community stakeholders in
partnership with Los Angeles Neighbourhood Initiative (LANI)
and the Community Redevelopment Agency, NoHo has
transformed from a thoroughfare dotted with vacant lots to a
burgeoning theater district with coffee shops, restaurants and
eclectic retail. In June 2000, the terminal Metro Red Line
subway station opened within walking distance of this
blossoming neighbourhood main street;
• Medium- and high-density developments are being built
around the Metro Station; and
• Condominium towers (including a 15-story building on
Lankershim Blvd) being built in the midst of older one-story
bungalows and small apartment complexes.
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TOD Project #6:
Columbia Pike Streetcar Project
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Project Location
• Arlington and Fairfax Counties, Virginia.
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Transit Facilities and Services
• Streetcar technology;
• Five mile connection between Skyline and
Pentagon City;
• Six-minute service;
• Service augmented with Metro buses during
peak periods.
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Streetcar Technology
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TOD Facts
• Include a mixture of community- and
neighbourhood-serving retail, office,
residential, and recreational/cultural uses
developed with a pedestrian scale and
character. New mixed-use projects would
create a distinct new identity and provide
future access to multi-modal transit options.
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Other TOD-Related Photos
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Charlotte Light Rail TOD
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For more information about TOD and
transit-related information, please visit:
http://www.vatransit.com/
Virginia Transit Association
1108 E. Main Street, Suite 1108
Richmond, Virginia 23219
Phone: 804-643-1166 • FAX: 804-643-1155
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