Transcript 3A-Promising varieties in Varietal Pretest

Overview of Wine
Grape Project at WSU
– Mount Vernon
2000- 2004
G.A. Moulton
WSU - Mount Vernon
Program Objectives
Select the right varieties and
rootstocks for local conditions
Maximize use of cultural practices
to enhance quality
Evaluate resulting wines from
promising varieties
Progress to date
A number of promising cultivars (both
white and red) have been identified
Rootstocks that promote earlier ripening
in our soil and climate conditions have
been identified
Certain cultural and canopy
management practices have been adopted
that contribute to improved ripening
Site Selection
 Well drained
 Southerly or southwest
slope
 Light (sandy) soils are
preferable
Know the
heat units
at your site
Measured from April 1
to October 31,
base 50 degrees
Avatel
Take a
good
soil sample
 0”-8” top soil
 8”-16” subsoil
Soil Fertility Guidelines
(based on W. Stiles)
Ca
Mg
K
P
B
Zn
Cu
Mn
Preplant
67% CEC
13% CEC
200 ppm +
At least 40#
1-2 ppm
2 ppm
2 ppm
5 ppm
Established
58%
12%
200 ppm +
same
1-2 ppm
2 ppm
2 ppm
5 ppm
Leaf Test
1.2-1.6
0.3-0.5
1.8-2.0
0.1-0.4
25-50 ppm
20-60 ppm
6-40 ppm
25-100 ppm
Timely application
of micronutrients
is important
 Zn – apply about 2 weeks before
and after bloom to promote full
berry clusters
B – apply at bloom time (with
botrytis spray) for increased fruit set
Varieties & Rootstocks
 Try
to obtain certified virus
free stock wherever possible
Be sure that both rootstock
and variety are free of
phylloxera
Most Promising
Rootstocks
Millardet et de Grasset
101-14
Couderc 3309
Millardet et de Grasset
420A
Comparison of harvest results of
Pinot Noir on selected rootstocks
Stock
brix
pH
Titr.
Acid
Self
19.8 A 3.1 A
Cluster Yield/
size
plant
1.30 A 181 A 11.0 A
101-14
20.5 A 3.2 A
0.99 B 158 B
10.3 A
420A
20.7 A 3.2 A
1.00 B 183 A
9.7 A
C3309
21.0 A 3.3 A
1.00 B 147 B
7.3 B
Effects of rootstock differences
 All rootstocks had lower TA levels than self rooted;
table shows those where differences were statistically
significant.
 All had higher pH than self rooted but differences did
not reach 5% level of significance except for 5BB.
 All had higher brix readings than self rooted but did
not reach 5% level of significant difference.
 Cluster weight varied and some differences were
significant. The biggest difference was between C3309
and 5C.
 Both 101-14 and 420A had lower titratable acid and
higher brix than self rooted, though yields were
statistically the same.
Promising Red Varieties
Agria
Dornfelder
Dunkelfelder
Garanoir
Golubok
Leon Millot
Muscat of
Norway
Pinot Noir
(clones)
Regent
Zweigelt
Agria
Harvest 10/05
Brix 18.1 TA 0.87
Muscat
of Norway
Harvest 10/06
Brix 18.5 T.A 0.90
Garanoir
Harvest 10/06
Brix 17.4 TA 0.96
Leon Millot
Harvest 10/09
Brix 20.6 TA 0.90
Regent
Harvest 10/13
Brix 19.6 TA 0.89
Dunkelfelder
Harvest 10/18
Brix 20.2 TA 1.10
Golubok
Harvest 10/18 Brix 21.7 TA 1.25
Zweigelt
Harvest 10/18
Brix 18.4 TA 0.98
Dornfelder
Harvest 10/23
Brix 17.6 TA 0.89
Pinot Noir
Harvest 10/27
Brix 20.5 TA 1.13
Promising White Varieties
Burmunk
Iskorka
Madeleine
Angevine
Optima
Ortega
Pinot Gris
Reichensteiner
Schonburger
Siegerrebe
Sylvaner
Burmunk
Harvest 10/03 Brix 23.2 TA 0.98
Ortega
Harvest 10/03 Brix 20.6 TA 0.91
Iskorka
Harvest 10/03
Brix 20.2 TA 0.71
Madeleine
Angevine
Harvest 10/03
Brix 19.0 TA 0.82
Schonburger
Harvest 10/03
Brix 19.5 TA 0.66
Siegerrebe
Harvest 10/06
Brix 19.5 TA 0.60
Reichensteiner
Harvest 10/06
Brix 19.6 TA 0.94
Optima
Harvest 10/06
Brix 18.3 TA 1.01
Pinot Gris
Harvest 10/09
Brix 19.4 TA 1.04
Sylvaner
Harvest 10/13
Brix 16.8 TA 0.90
Good cultural practices
bring young grape
plants into early
production
Establish a
strong
vigorous
vine by the
end of the
first year’s
growing
season
Prune newly
planted grape
vine to 2 buds
New Planting
Prune new plant to 2 buds
In spring, select strongest new
shoot
Train & tie to stake, pinching
out any side shoots
Dormant season – bend & tie
to wire
Select the
strongest shoot to
train to the wire
and pinch off
other side shoots
Tie or
tape
shoot to
stake as it
grows
and when
it reaches
the wire
Monitor soil moisture using
irrometers

Drought stress
aggravates nutrient
deficiency, especially
potash
 Stress shuts down
photosynthesis
 Severe stress causes
leaf drop
Pest Control
Diseases
Insects
Weeds
Vertebrate
Pests
Pinot Noir Cultural
Studies
Cluster thinning
Plastic row shield
Pinot Noir 2A
1 cluster/shoot vs. 2 clusters/shoot
Clusters Wt
/shoot
/cluster
Lbs.
/plant
Tons
/A.
Brix
T. A.
1
198 gms A
6.8 B 2.5 B
20.7 A
1.14 A
2
161 gms B
11.2 A 4.0 A
20.4 A
1.14 A
Row spacing at 10 x 6.
1. Yield of vines with 2 clusters/shoot averaged 38%
higher than plots with 1 cluster.
2. No significant difference was found between the
treatments in measurement of pH, brix, or titratable
acid.
Plastic row shield applied in April
Advanced bloom by
approximately 2 weeks
Developed earlier color
Advanced fruit maturity
Pinot Noir on 8/29/03
Plastic (L), No plastic (R)
Harvest –
balancing fruit
maturity and
weather factors
Coordinate harvest
schedules with the
winemaker
Crusher-destemmer
in operation
Hydraulic press
in operation
Help from volunteers
is greatly appreciated,
especially
at harvest
time
Future Trial Objectives
- Cultivars & Rootstocks
Test some of the top rated varieties
on the 3 best performing rootstocks
Evaluate several promising early
ripening Pinot Noir clones on the 3
best performing rootstocks
Future Trial Objectives
- Cultural
Conduct a trial of vines planted at
different spacings to determine the
optimum conditions for best yield and
quality
Develop a standard methodology for wine
evaluation and enlist local wine makers as
evaluators/cooperators
Wine Cooperators 2003
Tom Bronkema, Wine Consultant
Tom Thornton, Cloud Mountain Farm
Lopez Island Winery – Brent Charnley
San Juan Vineyards – Kurt Niznik
Vashon Island Winery – Ron Irvine
Carpenter Creek Winery – Jeff
Hammer
Pasek Cellars – Gene Pasek
Chuck Jackson, Boeing Wine Club
Wine Cooperators 2003, cont.
Steve & Susan Olsen
Lou Hollers
Bob Tombs
Steven Mohns
Lynne Irelan
Jim Haack
Steve Wilbur
Bill Swartz
Megan Rutherford
Pete Bradley
Photography:
J. King and G.H. Spitler
WSU-Mount Vernon