Transcript OBJECTIVES - Force 9! | Positive Thinkers

Consumer Protection Act
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Objectives
•It was enacted after in-depth study of consumer
protection laws in a number of countries and in
consultation with representatives of consumers, trade
and industry and extensive discussions within the
Government.
•The consumer protection Act, 1986 is a milestone in
the history of socio-economic legislation in the
country. It is one of the most progressive and
comprehensive piece of legislations enacted for the
protection of consumers.
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• The main objective of the act is to provide for the
better protection of consumers. Unlike existing laws
which are punitive or preventive in nature, the
provisions of this Act are compensatory in nature.
• The act is intended to provide simple, speedy and
inexpensive redressal to the consumers' grievances,
and relief's of a specific nature and award of
compensation wherever appropriate to the consumer.
The act has been amended in 1993 both to extend its
coverage and scope and to enhance the powers of the
redressal machinery.
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Definitions
• “Goods" means goods as defined in the State of
Goods Act, 1930
• According to the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. "goods"
means every kind of movable property other than
actionable claims and money, and includes stock and
shares, growing crops, grass, and this attached to or
forming part of the land which are agreed to be
served before sale or under the contract of sale.
• “Service" means service of any description which is
made available to potential users.
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• These includes the provision of facilities in connection
with banking, financing, insurance, transport,
processing, supply of electrical or other energy, board
or lodging or both, housing construction,
entertainment, amusement or the purveying of news or
other information, but does not include the rendering
of any service free of charge or under a contract of
personal service.
• “Defect" means any fault, imperfection or shortcoming
in the quality, quantity, potency, purity or standard
which is required to be maintained by or under any law
for the time being in force or under any contract
express or implied or as is claimed by the trader in any
manner whatsoever in relation to any goods.
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• “Deficiency" means any fault, imperfection,
shortcoming or inadequacy in the quality, nature and
manner of performance which is required to be
maintained by or under any law for the time being in
force or has been undertaken to be performed by a
person in pursuance of a contract or otherwise in
relation to any service.
• “Restrictive trade practice" means any trade
practice which requires a consumer to buy, hire or
avail of any goods or, as the case may be, services as
a condition precedent for buying, hiring or availing
of other goods or services;
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• “Unfair trade practice" the detailed definition is given
in the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 as amended by the
Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act. 1993. It means
a trade practice which, for the purpose of promoting the
sale, use or supply of any goods or for the provision of
any service, adopts any unfair method or unfair or
deceptive practice including any of the following
practices, namely :(a) False or misleading representation,
(b) Bargain price
(c) Offering of gifts, prize, contest etc.
(d) Non compliance of product safety standard.
(e) Hoarding or destruction of goods.
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Extent and Coverage of the Act
The salient features of the Act are summed up as under:• The Act applies to all goods and services unless
specifically exempted by the Central Government.
• It covers all the sectors whether private, public or
cooperative.
• The provisions of the Act are compensatory in nature.
It includes the following rights of consumers:• Right to be protected against the marketing of goods
and services which are hazardous to life and property.
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• Right to be informed about the quality, quantity,
potency, purity, standard and price of goods or services
so as to protect the consumer against unfair trade
practices
• Right to be assured , wherever possible , access to a
variety of goods and services at competitive prices;
• Right to be heard and to be assured that consumers'
interests will receive due consideration at appropriate
forums;
• Right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices
unscrupulous exploitation of consumers; and
• Right to consumer education
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Who is a Consumer?
• All of us are consumers of goods and services. For
the purpose of the Consumer Protection Act,the word
"Consumer" has been defined separately for "goods"
and "services".
For the purpose of "goods", a consumer means a person
belonging to the following categories:
 One who buys or agrees to buy any goods for a
consideration which has been paid or promised or partly
paid and partly promised or under any system of deferred
payment
 It includes any user of such goods other than the person
who actually buys goods and such use is made with the
approval of the purchaser
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For the purpose of "services", a
"consumer" means a person belonging to
the following categories:
• One who hires or avails of any service or services for
a consideration which has been paid or promised or
partly paid and partly promised or under any system
of deferred payment;
• It includes any beneficiary of such service other than
the one who actually hires or avails of the service for
consideration and such services are availed with the
approval of such person.
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Who can file a complaint?
• The following can file a complaint under the Act:• A consumer
• Any voluntary consumer organization registered
under the Societies Registration Act,1860 or under
the Companies Act,1956 or under any other law for
the time being in force.
• The Central Government
• The State Government or Union Territory
Administrations.
• One or more consumers on behalf of numerous
consumers who are having the same interest
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What constitutes a complaint?
• Under the Act, a complaint means any allegation in
writing made by a complainant in regard to one or
more of the following:• Any unfair trade practice as defined in the Act or
restrictive trade practices like tie-up sales adopted by
any trader.
• One or more defects in goods. The goods hazardous
to life and safety, when used, are being offered for
sale to public in contravention of provisions of any
law for the time being in force.
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Deficiencies in services
• A trader charging excess of price.
– Fixed by or under any law for the time being in
force; or
– Displayed on goods; or
– Displayed on any packet containing such good
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Where to file a complaint?
• If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked
for is up to rupees twenty five lakh ,then the complaint
can be filed in the District Forum which has been notified
by the State Government for the district where the cause
of action has arisen or where the opposite party resides.
• A complaint can also be filed at a place where the branch
office of the opposite party is located.
• If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked
for is more than twenty rupees five lakh , but less than
rupees one crore then the complaint can be filed before
the State Commission notified by the State Government
or Union Territory.
• If the cost of goods or services and compensation asked
for exceed rupees one crore then the complaint can be
filed before the National Commission at New Delhi. 15
How to file a complaint?
Procedures for filing complaints and seeking
redressal are simple.
• There is no fee for filing a complaint before the
District Forum, the State Commission or the National
Commission. (A stamp paper is also not required)
There should be 3 to 5 copies of the complaint on plain
paper.
• The complainant or his authorized agent can present
the complaint in person.
• The complaint can be sent by post to the appropriate
Forum / Commission.
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A complaint should contain the
following information
• The name, description and the address of the
complainant.
• The name , description and address of the opposite
party or parties, as the case may be, as far as they can
be ascertained;
• The facts relating to complaint and when and where it
arose;
• Documents, if any, in support of the allegations
contained in the complaint.
• The relief which the complainant is seeking.
• The complaint should be signed by the complainant or
his authorized agent.
• The complaint is to be filed within two years from the
date on which cause of action has arisen.
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Relief available to the consumers
Depending on the nature of relief sought by the
consumer and facts, the Redressal Forums may give
orders for one or more of the following relief's:•
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•
•
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Removal of defects from the goods,
Replacement of the goods;
Refund of the price paid;
Award of compensation for the loss or injury suffered;
Removal of defects or deficiencies in the services;
Discontinuance of unfair trade practices or restrictive
trade practices or direction not to repeat them;
• Withdrawal the hazardous goods from being offered to
sale.
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Composition of the District Forum
(1) Each District Forum shall consist of, (a) a person who is, or has been, or is qualified to
be a District Judge, who shall be its President;
(b) two other members, who shall be persons of
ability, integrity and standing, and have
adequate knowledge or experience of, or have
shown capacity in dealing with, problems
relating to economics, law, commerce,
accountancy, industry, public affairs or
administration, one of whom shall be a woman.
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Jurisdiction of the District
• (1) the District Forum shall have jurisdiction to
entertain complaints where the value of the goods or
services and the compensation, if any, claimed does not
exceed rupees twenty five lakhs.
• (2) A complaint shall be instituted in a District Forum
within the local limits of whose jurisdiction, • (a) the opposite party or each of the opposite parties, at
the time of the institution of the complaint, actually and
voluntarily resides or carries on business; or
• (b) any of the opposite parties, at the time of the
institution of the complaint, actually and voluntarily
resides, or carries on business or, as the case may be,
acquiesce in such institution; or
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• (c) the cause of action, wholly or in part, arises.
Composition of the State Commission
Each State Commission shall consist of –
(a) a person who is or has been a Judge of a High Court,
appointed by the State Government after consultation
with the Chief Justice of the High Court, who shall be
its President;
(b) two other members, who shall be persons of ability,
integrity and standing and have adequate knowledge or
experience of, or have shown capacity in dealing with
problems relating to economics, law, commerce,
accountancy, industry, public affairs or administration,
one of whom shall be a woman and that every
appointment shall be made on the recommendation of a
selection committee consisting of the following, namely
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(i) President of the State Commission - Chairman,
(ii) Secretary of the Law Department of the State Member,
(iii) Secretary, in-charge of Department dealing with
consumer affairs in the State - Member.
(3) Every member of the State Commission shall hold
office for a term of five years or up to the age of
sixty-seven years, whichever is earlier and shall not
be eligible for re-appointment.
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Jurisdiction of the State commission
Subject to the other provisions of this Act, the State
Commission shall have jurisdiction –
(a) to entertain –
(i) complaints where the value of the goods or
services and compensation, if any, claimed
exceeds rupees twenty five lakhs but does not
exceed rupees one crore; and
(ii) appeals against the orders of any District Forum
within the State; and
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(b) to call for the records and pass appropriate orders
in any consumer dispute which is pending before or
has been decided by any District Forum within the
State
• where it appears to the State Commission that such
District Forum has exercised a jurisdiction not
vested in it by law, or
• has failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested or
has acted in exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or
with material irregularity.
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Composition of the National
• (1) The National Commission shall consist of • (a) a person who is or has been a Judge of the
Supreme Court, to be appointed by the Central
Government after consultation with the Chief Justice
of India, who shall be its President :
• (b) four other members who shall be persons of
ability, integrity and standing and have adequate
knowledge or experience of, or have shown capacity
in dealing with, problems relating to economics, law,
commerce, accountancy, industry, public affairs or
administration, one of whom shall be a woman.
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• Every appointment shall be made by the Central
Government on the recommendation of a selection
committee consisting of the following, namely (a) a person who is a Judge of the Supreme Court to be
nominated by the Chief Justice of India - Chairman,
(b) the Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs in the
Government of India - Member,
(c) Secretary of the Department dealing with consumer
affairs in the Government of India - Member.
(3) Every member of the National Commission shall hold
office for a term of five years or up to the age of seventy
years, whichever is earlier and shall not be eligible for reappointment.
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Jurisdiction of the National Commission
•
Subject to the other provisions of this Act, the
National Commission shall have jurisdiction –
• (a) to entertain –
•
(i) complaints where the value of the goods or
services and compensation, if any, claimed exceeds
rupees twenty lakhs; and
•
(ii) appeals against the orders of any State
Commission; and
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• (b) to call for the records and pass appropriate orders
in any consumer dispute which is pending before or
has been decided by any State Commission
• where it appears to the National Commission that
such State Commission has exercised a jurisdiction
not vested in it by law, or
• has failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested, or
• has acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or
with material irregularity
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