Transcript MIGRATION OF LABOUR IN MALAYSIA - ASETUC

MIGRATION OF LABOUR IN
MALAYSIA
INTRODUCTION
 Definition of Migration : It refers to directed, regular, or systematic
movement of a group of objects, organisms, or people
 Migration of Labour : Cross-border movement for purposes of
employment. Migration involves the (more or less) permanent
movement of individuals or groups across symbolic or political
boundaries into new residential areas and communities.
 Classification of Migrations: Internal or international and as
voluntary or forced.
 Migration in Islam : called as ‘Hijrah’ is the migration of the and his
followers to the city of Medina. Hijrah can also signify striking off on a
new path that allows one to become a better person. A person who has
committed acts considered sinful might make the Hijrah to a life free
of sin. Thus the Hijrah can be either a physical or spiritual migration.
HISTORICAL VIEW ON GLOBAL MIGRATION
 Historical migration of human populations begins
with the movement of Homo erectus out of Africa
across Eurasia about a million years ago. Homo sapiens
appear to have occupied all of Africa about 150,000
years ago, moved out of Africa 70,000 years ago, and
had spread across Australia, Asia, and Europe by
40,000 years BCE.
 Migration to the Americas took place 20,000 to 15,000
years ago, and by 2,000 years ago, most of the Pacific
Islands were colonized. Almost 60 million European
crossed the Atlantic in the period 1846-1940 to settle in
the America.
MIGRATION IN MALAYSIA

Historical background of Labour Force
- Dasar Pecah dan Perintah during British colonization:
a) Malay-agricultures
b)Chinese-mining
c) Indian-estate
-
Industrial revolution era in Malaysia took place over agriculture in 1960 through New
Economic Policy
Types of migration
a)Internal-urban-urban, urban-rural, rural-urban, rural-rural
b)inter state
c) International
-
Migration of Malaysians to foreign countries - 785,000 (2010)
-
Migration of foreign workers to our country - 1.8 million (2010)
REASONS FOR MIGRATION
 Voluntary
-
Economic-country’s wealth, broader empire, rural-urban, less developed
state t0 developed state
-
Political-stability in Malaysia
-
Social-similar culture like Indonesia
-
Demography
-
They have relatives in the migrant country
 Forced
- British, Portugese and German colonization during 15th centuries
- Life pressure
- Political instability
- Wages very low
- Less job
STATISTICS ON MIGRANTS
Number and percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by
migrationstatus, Malaysia, 2007 (Source : Departmentof Statistics)
Migration status
Number
Percent
Total
26,043,870
100.0
Migrants
434,510
1.7
Internal state migrants
220,940
50.8
Inter-state migrants
142,760
32.9
International migrants
70,810
16.3
Non-migrants
25,609,360
98.3
Number and percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by migration
status, Malaysia, 2007 (Source : Department of Statistics)
Migration status
Year
2003
2007
Total
100.0
100.0
Non-migrant
96.4
98.3
Migrant
3.6
1.7
Migrants
100.0
100.0
Internal state migrant
50.0
50.8
Inter-state migrant
35.4
32.9
International migrant
14.6
16.3
Labour Force Participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by
migration direction (stratum) and sex, Malaysia, 2007 (Source : Department of
Statistics)
Migration Direction
Total
Male
Female
Urban-Urban
66.3
84.6
49.2
Urban-Rural
66.2
84.0
46.7
Rural-Urban
60.7
85.8
37.4
Rural-Rural
68.5
90.5
42.4
Urban
61.1
76.1
46.0
Rural
59.1
78.0
39.3
Internal migrants
N0n-migrants
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by
employment status, Malaysia, 2007, (Source : Department of Statistics)
Employment Status
Internal
migrants
Non-migrants
Total
100.0
100.0
Employer
1.9
3.5
Employee
21.1
13.5
Own account worker
70.8
64.8
Unpaid family worker
6.2
18.2
Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by age
group and sex, Malaysia, 2007
Age group
Internal Migrants
Total
Male
Female
N0n-migrants
Total
Male
Female
Total
66.5
86.3
46.8
63.1
79.4
46.4
15-24
51.7
69.8
37.2
41.2
48.5
33.7
25-34
77.6
96.8
61.0
80.2
96.8
63.3
35-44
79.9
98.8
47.6
76.0
97.9
53.6
45-64
70.5
89.2
36.6
61.7
83.4
39.0
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by industry, Malaysia,
2007(Source: Departmentof Statistics)
Industry
Internal
migrants
Nonmigrants
Total
100.0
100.0
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
8.6
13.2
Fishing
0.6
1.1
Mining and quarrying
0.6
0.4
Manufacturing
16-7
18.9
Electricity, gas and water supply
1.1
0.6
Construction
14.0
8.8
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycle and personal household goods
11.8
16.5
Hotels and restaurants
7.0
7.2
Transport, storage and communication
4.1
5.1
Financial intermediation
2.0
2.7
Real estate, renting and business activities
5.3
5.4
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security
10.3
6.7
Education
9.6
6.0
Health and social work
3.9
2.2
Other community, social and personal activities
2.9
2.5
Private households with employed persons
1.5
2.5
Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by
occupations, Malaysia, 2007 (Source : Department of Statistics)
Occupation
Internal Migrants
Non-migrants
Total
100.0
100.0
Legislators, senior officials and managers
4.9
7.2
Professionals
9.0
5.8
Technicians and associate professionals
19.1
13.3
Clerical workers
8.9
10.0
Service workers and shop and market sales workers
14.5
16.2
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
6.3
12.6
Craft and related trades workers
12.1
10.6
Plant and machine-operators and assemblers
13.2
13.0
Elementary occupations
11.9
11.4
STATISTICS OF FOREIGN WORKER IN MALAYSIA
Statistics PLKS by Citizenship and Sector, Feb 2010 (Source: Immigration
Department)
SEKTOR
WARGANEGARA
INDONESIA
BANGLADESH
NEPAL
MYANMAR
INDIA
VIETNAM
FILIPINA
PAKISTAN
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
CHINA
SRI LANKA
LAOS
UZBEKISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
LAIN-LAIN
JUMLAH
PEMBANTU
JUMLAH
RUMAH
PEMBINAAN PEMBUATAN PERKHIDMATAN PERLADANGAN PERTANIAN BESAR
203,225
192,789
198,643
38,684
202,156
82,435 917,932
18
61,303
170,332
27,002
30,599
18,112 307,366
84
3,785
135,764
26,901
1,621
7,655 175,810
118
13,542
92,135
22,654
2,211
9,600 140,260
236
5,002
13,866
47,021
16,675
30,997 113,797
901
3,021
68,433
2,018
28
441
74,842
9,657
1,031
1,915
2,944
1,489
1,604
18,640
11
5,922
2,217
1,593
1,244
12,002
22,989
346
811
893
4,588
57
407
7,102
9,166
92
2,353
218
137
125
12,091
15
1,303
935
6,592
36
13
8,894
753
69
1,382
665
128
417
3,414
2
7
16
3
1
28
57
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
11
45
2
3
0
0
61
224,544
288,722
688,886
180,890
256,382
163,836 1,803,260
ISSUES ON FOREIGN WORKERS IN
MALAYSIA
 Number of FW is growing-1.6 million in 2005 to 1.8 million in 2010.
 Why is this happening?
o Attitude of local workers-High turnover, 3D type of job
o Malaysia is more towards labour intensive rather than mechanisation
due to lack of technology innovation and Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) policies
o Recruitment of FW is a source of income for outsourcing company
o Education in Malaysia is towards academic not skill- Our society still
consider vocational student is a second class worker
o Wages not attractive in the source countries
o Mindset of employers- FW is a cheap labour
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
 10 years prediction on number of FW
-Data from union is needed
 Change to mechanisation in plantation and construction
sector
 Cooperation from all parties to create a dynamic,
committed, knowledgeable and competitive worker to
face globalisation era. Have to change their mindset
 Rebranding of post title – For example: driver to machine
handler