Transcript Personal Health & Physical Activity

Mr. Ramos
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Objectives
◦ Explain the reasons to have a physical examination.
◦ Describe how to care for your teeth, eyes, and ears.
◦ Explain health problems and treatment related to
your teeth, eyes, and ears.
◦ Discuss when and how to seek medical help.
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A physical examination is a series of tests
and observations to measure a person’s
health status.
◦ Health History
◦ Examination of body parts
◦ Blood and Urine Tests
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Physical exams should be done once each year.
Physical exams give you, your family, & your physician a record of
your health status over several years.
The Physical Exam:
◦ Measure height, weight, blood pressure, & pulse
◦ Check eyes, mouth, neck, throat, & ears
◦ Check lungs & heart
◦ Press down on your abdomen to feel for enlargement of the liver
or spleen
◦ Examine skin for changes
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Prevention is the effort to keep something from happening or
becoming worse.
Brush and floss your teeth after each meal.
Dental plaque is an invisible, sticky film composed of
bacteria, food, and saliva that forms on teeth & contributes to
tooth decay.
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Dental caries, or tooth decay, are caused when bacteria
destroy tooth enamel.
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Dental caries leads to holes on teeth called cavities.
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Make sure your toothpaste contains fluoride.
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Visit dentists for clean-ups every 6 months.
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Wear a mouth guard for sports & seat belt in car.
An orthodontist is a dentist who specializes in
straightening teeth.
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Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect your eyes.
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Have enough light indoors when reading, using the computer,
or watching T.V.
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Myopia is nearsightedness.
You can see objects nearby but not
those that are far.
Hyperopia is farsightedness.
You can see objects far away but
not those that are near.
Astigmatism is an irregular shape
of the cornea causing blurred vision.
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An ophthalmologist is a physician who specializes in the care
and treatment of the eye.
An optometrist is a health care professional who tests vision
and prescribes corrective lenses.
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Protect your ears from loud sounds by keeping the volume
low when using headphones & electronic devices.
Use earplugs at concerts and when operating loud machinery.
Use a cotton swab to clean gently around the outer surface of
the ear.
Do not place any object inside the ear canal.
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An audiologist is a health care professional who tests hearing
ability and helps correct hearing loss.
Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that causes pain
& sometimes fever. A physician may prescribe antibiotics.
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A vaccine is a dead or weakened pathogen that is introduced
into the body to prevent disease.
Vaccines force the body to produce antibodies to fight
pathogens.
You can reduce diseases:
◦ Vaccination
◦ Eating nutritious meals
◦ Exercising
◦ Sleep at least 8 hours
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Allergist: diagnosis & treatment of allergies or immune disorders.
Cardiologist: diagnosis & treatment of heart & blood vessel
problems
Dermatologist: diagnosis & treatment of skin, hair, and nail
problems.
Gynecologist: diagnosis & treatment of female reproductive
problems
Obstetrician: care for women during labor, pregnancy, and delivery
Pediatrician: diagnosis & treatment in children until age 18 or 20s.
Psychiatrist: diagnosis & treatment of mental, emotional, &
behavioral problems
Urologist: diagnosis & treatment of urinary tract in males & females,
and reproductive tract in males
In case of an Emergency, dial
911
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Objectives:
◦ Explain how to analyze ads for grooming products
to make informed consumer decisions.
◦ List good grooming habits, especially for the care of
your skin, hair, and nails.
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Grooming keeps your body clean and helps you look neat and
presentable.
◦ Toothpaste, soap, shampoo, & deodorant
Advertisements, or ads, are announcements designed to
persuade people to buy products and services.
A consumer is a person who buys and/or uses products and
services.
An endorsement is a public statement of support, usually
from a well-known person.
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Infomercials are television programs designed to advertise a
particular service.
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Evaluate ads before you buy grooming products or services.
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Think about information that might be missing from an ad.
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Wash your face at least twice a day.
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Remove make-up before going to sleep.
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Bathe daily & use deodorant or antiperspirant.
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Do not get tattoos or have body parts pierced.
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Wear sunscreen with SPF 15 at least 30 minutes before going
outside.
Ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn & increase skin cancer.
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Do not use several skin care products at once.
Do not share products such as deodorant, lipstick, eye
makeup, or earrings.
Get at least 8 hrs of sleep. Sleep allows your skin to restore
itself.
Acne is a skin disorder in which pored in the skin are clogged
with oil & may become infected.
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Shampoo & condition your hair every day or every other day.
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Brush your hair every day to get rid of dust, dead skin cells,
and tangles.
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Use the low setting on hair dryer or curling iron to minimize
hair damage.
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Avoid frequent use of hair chemicals.
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Control dandruff with antidandruff shampoos.
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Dandruff is a condition in which the scalp sheds flakes of
dead cells.
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Avoid sharing hats, combs, or brushes with others to prevent
head lice.
Head lice are insects that live on the scalp and cause intense
itching.
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Keep nails clean & dry to prevent bacteria from collecting
under.
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Trim nails with sharp scissors or clippers.
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Trim nails straight across and round slightly at the tip.
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Don’t remove the nail’s cuticle. The cuticle is the layer of
nonliving skin that surrounds and protects the nails. Gently
push back the cuticle after washing your hands.
Don’t overuse nail polish remover. It contains harmful
chemicals.
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Objectives:
◦ Discuss the ways physical activity improves health.
◦ Identify five kinds of health-related fitness.
◦ Identify types of physical activities and the benefits
of these activities for health related fitness.
◦ Explain ways that technology and other resources
influence physical activity choices.
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Physical activity is any body movement that requires energy.
The CDC encourages the youth ages 9 – 13 to get 60 minutes
of moderate to vigorous physical activity 5 days a week.
Exercise is planned physical activity intended to develop or
maintain physical fitness.
Physical fitness is the condition of the body that results from
regular physical activity.
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Muscular strength is the ability of muscles to lift, pull, push,
kick, and throw with force.
◦ Strong muscles reduce the risk of injury because they provide more
support for your joints.
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Muscular endurance is the ability to use muscles for an
extended period of time.
◦ You can do push ups or pull ups for a longer amount of time.
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Cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of the respiratory
and circulatory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to
your body during continuous physical activity.
◦ You can spend more time swimming and running without losing your
breath.
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Flexibility is the ability to bend and move the body’s joints
through a full range of motion.
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Aerobic exercise is a type of exercise in which oxygen is
continuously taken in for a period of at least 20 minutes.
◦ Also burns fat
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Anaerobic exercise is a type of intense exercise in which the
muscles temporarily use up the body’s supply of oxygen,
causing the body to rely on other forms of energy.
◦ Anaerobic exercise builds muscle.
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The physical activity you choose depends on
several factors:
◦ Are you a team player?
◦ Do you live near mountains or rivers?
Basketball is a team of 5
players.
Improves muscular &
cardiorespiratory endurance.
Martial Arts are methods of
combat & involve stretching and
sparring.
In-line skating is an aerobic
exercise that improves
cardiorespiratory endurance.
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The physical activity you choose depends on
several factors:
◦ Are you a team player?
◦ Do you live near mountains or rivers?
Cycling refers to riding a
bicycle. It improves
cardiorespiratory & muscular
endurance, strength, & body
composition
Aerobic Dance refers to
movements done to music.
They can improve muscular &
cardiorespiratory endurance,
flexibility, & body composition.
Walking & Hiking improve
cardiorespiratory & muscular
endurance as well as body
composition.
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The physical activity you choose depends on
several factors:
◦ Are you a team player?
◦ Do you live near mountains or rivers?
Soccer is a team sport where 2
teams of 11 players compete to
kick the ball into the opponents
net. Soccer is an aerobic
exercise.
Swimming Laps involves
swimming from one end of the
pool and back. Swimming
increases cardiorespiratory &
muscular endurance.
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After School Programs
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Youth Organizations
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Fitness Centers
◦ Sports team, hiking club,
cheerleading squad,
marching band, etc…
◦ Youth organizations can
be found in your local telephone
book.
◦ For a fee, you can join a fitness
center and exercise alone or take
group classes.
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Technology may have a positive or negative influence
on your level of physical activity.
◦ + influence: running on treadmill
◦ - influence: watching TV all day
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Watch for false advertising when purchasing fitness
machines.
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Do not buy equipment that
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Make sure all claims are backed up by scientific
research.
◦ Relies on electrical stimulation.
◦ Promises quick results with little effort.
◦ Relies on testimonials or “before” and “after” pictures.
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Outline an exercise program for people in
their communities who are confined to their
homes and currently engage in little, if any,
physical activity.
Programs should include both types of
exercise and develop all the kinds of healthrelated fitness.
Their plan should include specific activities
for each day of the week.
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Objectives
◦ Identify fitness skills you can use in sports and
physical activities.
◦ Measure physical fitness.
◦ Explain how to improve health-related fitness.
◦ Design a physical fitness plan that includes shortterm and long-term goals.
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There are 6 fitness skills. If you practice them, you will
improve these skills.
1. Agility is the ability to move quickly & easily.
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2. Balance is the ability to keep from falling.
◦ You need balance for cycling, gymnastics, and inline skating.
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3. Coordination is the ability to use body
parts & senses together for movement.
◦ Coordination helps you hit a baseball and touch
your nose with your eyes closed.
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4. Reaction Time is the time it takes a person
to respond to something noticed by the
senses.
◦ A quick reaction time may prevent an accident.
◦ On your mark, get set, GO!!
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5. Speed is the ability to move quickly.
◦ You need speed to run away from your enemies.
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6. Power is a combination of strength and
speed.
◦ Power helps you hit a hockey puck a long distance.
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The President’s Challenge is a governmentdeveloped physical fitness test for children and
teens.
◦ Exercises: muscular strength & endurance, total body
coordination, flexibility, & cardiorespiratory endurance.
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Upper body strength and endurance: Pull-ups
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Total body coordination: Shuttle run
◦ Set 2 blocks of wood or similar objects behind a line. The
starting position will be 30 feet from this line. An exercise
partner will give you the signal to begin. Run to the blocks,
pick one up, then run back and place it behind the starting
line. Do the same with the second block. Record your
fastest time.
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Abdominal Strength and Endurance: Curl-Ups
◦ To do a curl-up, lie on a flat surface with your knees bent
and your feet about 12 inches from your buttocks. Cross
your arms and place each hand on the opposite shoulder.
An exercise partner should hold your feet on the floor.
Keeping your elbows close to your chest, raise yourself up
so that you touch your thighs with your elbows.
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Lower back and hamstring flexibility: V-sit reach or
sit and reach.
◦ Take off your shoes and sit on the floor with your feet in
front of you. Set your heels 8 to 12 inches apart behind a
line marked on the floor. Have a partner hold your legs flat.
Clasp your thumbs together with your palms facing
downward. Your goal is to reach as far forward as possible
along a measuring line that is between your legs and the
soles of your feet.
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Cardiorespiratory endurance: Endurance run/walk
◦ This exercise requires you to walk or run one mile, or four
laps of most outdoor tracks. The object is to cover the
distance as quickly as possible. A partner will time you. If
you get tired, walk. Stop if you feel sick or dizzy. Your
score is the time that it took to run or walk the mile.
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The Presidential Physical Fitness Award:
◦ These represent the 85th percentile of scores in
your age group.
◦ You qualify if you score at or above the score for
your age
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To build muscular strength and endurance, you must perform
resistance exercises.
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Resistance exercises involves the use of repetition.
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A repetition is the number of times an exercise is performed.
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Lifting a heavy weight at a low number of repetitions builds
muscular strength.
Lifting lighter weights at a higher number of repetition
increases muscular endurance.
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To develop flexibility you must stretch your muscles.
Static stretching is an exercise that involves stretching a
muscle until it pulls and then holding the stretch for 15 to 30
seconds
Stretching improves your circulation and gives you better
posture.
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To develop cardiorespiratory endurance & a healthful body
composition, you must perform aerobic exercises at an intensity that
works your heart.
Target heart rate is a heart rate of 75 percent of a person’s
maximum heart rate.
◦ 1. Subtract your age from 220. This is the maximum number of
times your heart can beat in one minute.
◦ 2. If you are just starting an exercise program, your target heart
rate should be between 60% to 75% of your maximum heart rate.
Multiple your maximum heart rate by 0.60 and then by 0.75 to
find your range.
Exercise at your target heart rate for at least 20
minutes.
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Stop performing a physical activity if you experience:
◦ Chest pain or discomfort
◦ Extreme shortness of breath
◦ Unexplained fatigue or weakness
◦ Nausea
◦ Dizziness
◦ Feeling unusually hot or breaking out into cold sweats
◦ Pain in muscle or any part of the body
◦ Blue fingers or lips