Water Livelihood Initiative (WLI) Socio Economic component

Prepared by Dr. Samia Akroush -NCARE 6 th Regional Coordination Meeting Amman - November 11-12, 2014

Outline

Activity 1: Integration of gender dimension in local NGO’s activities for women skills improvement in the WLI site.

PEER-TO-PEER TRAINING TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION & PROSPERITY AMONG LOCAL CBOS Activity 2: Technology Evaluation & Adoption(water harvesting)

Activity 1: Integration of gender dimension in local NGO’s activities for women skills improvement in the WLI site Objective:

To raise the awareness of local communities on the role of women in income generating activities for poverty reduction and development

PEER-TO-PEER TRAINING TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION & PROSPERITY AMONG LOCAL CBOS

National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE) Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services (MEAS)

AMMAN, 2014

MEPI Project Goals & Objectives

 Organize and conduct a comprehensive capacity building training program to local CBOs:  Ngera Cooperative for Social and Charitable Causes  Al-Khudair WomenCooperative for Social Development  Mawakeb Al Noor Women Cooperative for Charitable Causes  NGERA services as a peer to newer cooperatives  Two newer cooperatives become operationally effective and offer services to its members  Fundraising activities for new community projects

Collaborating Partners

NCARE (peer-to-peer mentoring)

Local CBOs

MEAS (research) MEPI (capacity building)

Conceptual Framework of the Project

Networking Mentoring

AL-KHUDAIR

Women Cooperative for Social Development MAWAKEB Al Noor Women Cooperative for Charitable Causes NGERA Cooperative for Social and Charitable Causes

Peer-to-peer support

Capacity Building

Training Program Structure

Group Management • Women’s leadership • Cooperative management Business & Marketing Savings and Financial • Marketing • Value-added processing • Market analysis • Fundraising • Computer and IT • Micro-finance Technology & Innovation • Mushroom cultivation • Cultivation of medicinal and herbal plants Natural Resources Management • Grey-water treatment Leadership Development Peer-to-peer mentoring Social Capital Development

• Training were completed; On June 2014 a graduation ceremony were held at NCARE .

• Certificates were handed for the 20 women participated in the MEPI grant The total number of training hours was 152 hours.

MEAS Research: Assessing Competencies & Building Social Capital

 Evaluate and propose strategies to develop women’s social capital within the group and facilitate group formation & strengthening where social capital is absent  Determine the best practices that would connect women’s groups with external service providers (e.g., NCARE or funding agency) to foster women’s access and engagement in the market

Social Network Analysis of Women’s Groups

• SNA survey to capture depth of existing relationships and track changes o Feeling of commonality o Frequency of communication o Types of communication and interactions Sociogram of Mawakeb Cooperative Purple: MEPI Participants Blue: Non-participants from the same cooperative

Participants of focus group discussions and social network analysis survey

Research Findings

Focus group discussions and observations revealed:  Increased comfort and abilities to share views and ideas in group/public setting  Greater buy-in and commitment to cooperative objectives  Greater care & commitment to fellow cooperative members  Greater sense of commitment and influence in community-at-large issues

“Yes, we have become more confident as we have more courage to share our opinion."

Research Recommendations

     Work through women’s groups/cooperatives Maintain the group's ownership of the learning process Utilize mentors and peer-to-peer models Farmer’s Five Skills Sets Understand the context (including capacity and network dynamics)

Activity 2: Technology Evaluation & Adoption (water harvesting) Objectives:

• To calculate costs and benefits of planting barley under water harvesting techniques in the project.

• To assess the rate of adoption of water harvesting technologies and identifying main constraints that limit the adoption process in the low rainfall areas of Jordan through using ADOPT software.

Methodology

1. Benefit/Cost Analysis 2. Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT)

Results

Total input cost(JD/du) Revenue (JD/du)

Main product(grain)

Benefit-cost analysis of planting barley in the Jordan Badia Without technology With technology option 15.235 Total input cost(JD/du)

Quantity (Kg) Unit price(JD/Kg)

Revenue (JD/du)

Quantity (Kg) Unit price (JD/Kg( 25 0.3 7.5 Main product(grain) 195 0.3

22.341

58.5 Secondary product (straw)

Total revenue (JD/du)

50

Indicators

Net returns % change in NR % change in TC

Benefit-cost Ratio(B/C)

0.23 11.5

19

3.765 1349% 47% 1.25 Secondary product(straw)

Total revenue(JD/du)

80 0.23 18.4

76.9 54.559 3.44

ADOPT

The innovations being discussed included the water harvesting Vallerani system(Contour ridges), Marabs, cisterns, and water harvesting for rangeland shrub and barley growth, which have been studied over many years in the Jordanian Badia.

How does ADOPT work?

ADOPT is structured around four categories of influences on adoption: - Characteristics of the innovation - Characteristics of the target population - Relative advantage of using the innovation - Learning of the relative advantage of the innovation.

ADOPT users respond to qualitative and quantitative questions for each of twenty-two variables influencing adoption . Going through this process also leads to increased knowledge about how the variables relate to each other, and how they influence adoption and diffusion.

• • FG Meeting with WLI researchers team FG meeting with WLI farmers

Predicted years to peak adoption Predicted peak level of adoption Predicted adoption level in 5 years from start Predicted adoption level in 10 years from start 12.4

93% 58.3% 92.3%

Adoption Level S-Curve 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Time (years)

Predicted Adoption Curve (interviewed with project Researchers)

The level of peak adoption—of the innovations is quite high .

According to factors such as: - Farmers’ profit, environmental, - Risk orientations, - Number of farmers expected to benefit from the innovations, - The environmental and profit advantages, - The ease and convenience of implementation and use, - The risk and investment costs, - the relative advantage—and therefore the

Constraints determines the time to peak adoption.

• • • The farmers skills and networks, the trialability of the innovations, combined with the relative advantage of the innovations make up the population’s ability to learn about the innovations, factor of short-term financial constraints determines the time to peak adoption.

Sensitivity Analysis of adoption curve (interviewed with project Researchers) Sensitivity Analysis to Step Change of Response Change In Time to Peak Adoption Level

Step Down Step Up 2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Question Number

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Adopt with Farmers group:

The peak adoption rate for water harvesting technologies in the Jordanian Badia is predicted to be 95% after a period of 11.9 years.

Predicted Adoption Curve (interviewed with farmers)

Constraints determines the time to peak adoption by farmers groups

• • • • Size of the up-front cost of the investment relative to the potential annual benefit from using the innovation, The proportion of the target population need to develop substantial new skills and knowledge to use the innovation, The easiness of the innovation (or significant components of it) be trialled on a limited basis before a decision is made to adopt it on a larger scale Short-term financial constraints determines the time to peak adoption.

Conclusion

• • • Water-harvesting practices, which capture and concentrate surface runoff for crops or shrubs, can help to re-establish the productive functioning of degraded Badia environments. Benefit cost ration (B/C) of planting barley with water harvesting gave highest value compared with farmer practice of planting barley at 3.4 as opposed 1.25 for planting barley the traditional way. Since the size of the up-front cost of the investment relative to the potential annual benefit from using the innovation, is a mojor constraint for the adoption of the WH, government support is very crucial for the sustainability of the technologies.

Research Team Members

Socio-economic Component Dr. Samia Akroush/Team Leader Eng.Omar Abdul Hadi Eng. Omamah Hadidi Eng. Lana Abo Nwar Eng.Malek Abo Roman Eng. Shireen Kokash Dr. Boubaker Dhehibi

Thank you

Institutions

NCARE NCARE NCARE NCARE NCARE NCARE ICARDA