Transcript Pharynx - University of Peradeniya

Introduction to limbs
Sanjaya Adikari
Department of Anatomy
Main topics covered
• Skeleton
• Superficial nerves/veins – only the important ones
• Dermatomes
• Muscle compartments – attachment & action of
muscle groups and their innervation
• Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus
Main topics….
• Special regions: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal tunnel,
snuff box, femoral triangle, cubital fossa, gluteal
region etc.
• Joints with ligaments
• Arterial anastomoses
• Lymph drainage
Skeleton
• Axial
• Skull
• Vertebral column & ribs
• Appendicular
• Limb girdles
• Bones of the limbs
Upper limb
Skeleton
Shoulder/pectoral girdle
Arm
(humerus)
Fore arm (radius, ulna)
Wrist (carpal bones)
Hand (metacarpals, phalanges)
Superficial veins &
nerves
Dermatomes
Muscles of the shoulder
• Flexors
• Extensors
• Internal/medial rotators
• External/ lateral rotators
• Abductors
• Adductors
Compartments of the right arm
• Anterior
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
N: musculocutaneous
C5, C6
• Posterior
Triceps
N: Radial nerve
C7, C8
Contents of the
right arm
compartments
Compartments of the right forearm
Pronator
teres……….
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis
Flexor pollicis
longus
Flexor
digitorum
profundus
Pronator
quadratus
Brachial plexus
Axilla
Transverse section
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Apex
Floor
Cubital fossa
Anterior aspect of wrist
• Median and ulnar nerves
• Radial and ulnar arteries
• Tendons of flexor muscles
• Flexor retinaculum
Carpal tunnel
Palmar branch of median nerve
Anatomical snuffbox
Hand
• Dorsum
• Palm
Joints with ligaments
Arterial anastomoses
Anastomosis around the elbow
Scapular anastomosis
Axillary lymph nodes
To thoracic duct or right
lymphatic duct
supraclavicular
apical
central
posterior
anterior
lateral
Lower limb
Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Thigh (femur)
Leg (tibia, fibula)
Ankle (tarsal bones)
Foot (metatarsals,
phalanges)
Skeleton of the foot
Superficial veins &
nerves
Posterior arch vein
Adductor canal perforator
Below knee perforator
Lateral perforator
Upper medial perforator
Middle medial perforator
Level of medial
malleolus
Lower medial perforator
Dermatomes
Fascia Lata
Femoral sheath
Compartments of the right thigh
Fascia lata
Innervation
Anterior compartment
Femoral nerve
Medial compartment
Obturator nerve
Posterior compartment
Sciatic nerve
Compartments
of the right leg
Innervation
Anterior compartment
Deep peroneal nerve
Lateral compartment
Superficial peroneal
nerve
Posterior compartment
Tibial nerve
Lumbosacral plexus
Femoral triangle
Gluteal region
Popliteal fossa
Right
SeMem
SeTend
Gastroc
Biceps
Popliteal surface
of femur
Gastroc
Popliteus muscle
Foot
• Dorsum
• Sole
Arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch:
Joints with ligaments
Ligaments at the knee joint
Ligaments at the ankle
Trochanteric &
Cruciate anastomoses
Inguinal lymph nodes
• Deep inguinal nodes
• Superficial inguinal nodes
‐ Vertical group
‐ Horizontal group