Transcript Settlement

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Site: actual land upon which the settlement is
built, e.g. dry point, gap town;
Situation: position of settlement in relation to
the surrounding area;
Function: what the settlement does.
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Services:
Housing; 178
Education; primary school, c100
Village hall
All Saints Church
Pub, Four Horse Shoes
A large number at the base very few at the
top
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Sphere of influence
Catchment
Low order, convenience
High order, comparison
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Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion
of people living in towns and cities.
What causes urbanisation?
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Urbanisation occurs because people move
from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas
(towns and cities). This usually occurs when a
country is still developing.
is the movement of people out of cities, to the
surrounding areas. There are four main reasons for
counter-urbanisation:
 The increase in car ownership over the last 40 years
means people are more mobile. This has led to an
increase in commuting. Also, the growth in
information technology (E-mail, faxes and video
conferencing) means more people can work from
home.
 Urban areas are becoming increasing unpleasant
place to live. This is the result of pollution, crime
and traffic congestion.
 More people tend to move when they retire.
 New business parks on the edge of cities (on
Greenfield sites) mean people no longer have to
travel to the city centre. People now prefer to live on
the outskirts of the city to be near where they work.
Benefits:
Problems:
•More people = more services;
•House prices go up;
•old buildings are renovated;
•‘urban sprawl’;
•more demand for local businesses;
•more cars = congestion;
•younger people in the village
•tension between locals and
‘new comers’.
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CBD Basingstoke.
Festival place
Describe features
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Hulme ;Manchester
Describe features
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Elvetheam Heath
Describe
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Urban regeneration;
Inner city issues include:
 Environmental:
 Social:
 Economic:
•Transport: Cambridge,
Paris, London;
•Urban sprawl, green belt,
new towns, brown fields,
Elvetham Heath
•Counter urbanisation,
Pollution, Tokyo
Eg Basingstoke, Festival Place; solutions?
 Crime and vandalism.
 Traffic congestion.
 Growth of out-of-town shopping centres.
 Office developments on business parks in
rural – urban fringe
 High rents and rates.
 Economic recession
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Decline due to fall environmental, social,
and economic conditions
Redevelopment of inner city and CBD.
Movement to outer suburbs.
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60s: terraced demolished; high rise or council
estate in suburbs;
80s: High rise in poor conditions
90s: Recent rise; gentrification and
community redevelopment with new
businesses
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Zone of mixed land use
Issues; building roads, business parks,
farming.
Fors and againsts
What is a Shanty towns? , e.g. Rocinha, a
favela of Rio de Janerio, Dharavi area of
Mumbai.
Problems;
 Over crowding;
 Lack of services;
 Disease;
 Land tenure;
 Lack of jobs;
 Location.
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Build cheap housing e.g. Cairo, 10th Ramadan;
Greater Cairo Waste water project
Metro
Tourism Rocinha Rio de Janeiro and over
view
FAVELA-BAIRRO PROJECT, Rio de Janeiro