Transcript Current and Emerging Therapies for Management of Type 2

Oromo Community Organization
Diabetes Mellitus
(Dhibee Sukkaara)
By: Wandaye Deressa,
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that
affect how your body uses blood glucose,
commonly called blood sugar
Why should I Care?
Why should I Care?
Why should I Care?
FAST FACTS ON DIABETES
(CDC 2011)

Diabetes affects 25.8 million people in us
( 8.3% of the U.S. population)
About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older
were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010
FAST FACTS ON DIABETES
(CDC 2011)
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Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney
failure, nontraumatic lower limb amputations,
and new cases of blindness among adults in
the United States.
Diabetes is a major cause of heart disease
and stroke.
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of
death in the United
Sulultaa
Two Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type I (5-10%)
(Insulin dependent,
Juvenile onset diabetes)
Type II (90-95%)
(Non insulin Dependent,
Adult onset diabetes)
What is Insulin
What is Insulin
Sugar gets into cells with the help of a hormone
called insulin. If there is not enough insulin, or if
the body stops responding to insulin, sugar
builds up in the blood.
That is what happens to people with diabetes.
Type I Diabetes Mellitus

People with type 1 diabetes make little or no
insulin.
Treatment
Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves 2 key
parts
 Measuring your blood sugar often, to make
sure it does not get too high or too low.
● Using insulin shots or an insulin pump to
keep your blood sugar levels in the right
range
Treatment

People with type 1 diabetes also need to
carefully plan their meals and activity levels
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That's because eating raises blood sugar,
while being active lowers it.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
People with type 2 diabetes make too little
insulin, but more often the problem is that their
body’s cells do not respond to insulin.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus

The body’s cells do not respond to insulin
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The body does not make enough insulin
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Or both
Symptoms (mallattolee)
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Intense thirst
Being very tired
Urinating often
Losing weight.
Blurred vision
Symptoms (mallattolee)
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Nausea or vomiting, Belly pain
Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
Feeling very hungry - even though you are
eating
May be no symptom(Type II)
Risk Factors
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Age ≥45 years.
Overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥25
kg/m2).
Diabetes mellitus in a first-degree relative.
Sedentary lifestyle.
High-risk ethnic or racial group (eg,
Risk Factors
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African-American or Black race, Hispanic,
Native American, Asian-American, and
Pacific Islanders).
History of delivering a baby weighing >4.1 kg
(9 lb) or of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90
Risk Factors

High cholestrol(HDL ≤35 mg/dL or
triglyceride concentration ≥250 mg/dL
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A1C ≥5.7 percent, impaired glucose
tolerance or impaired fasting glucose.
Treatment

There are a few medicines that help control
blood sugar. Some people need to take pills
that help the body make more insulin or that
help insulin do its job. Others need insulin
shots.
Can type II diabetes be prevented?
Yes
To reduce your chances of getting type 2 diabetes
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Make diet modification ( balanced diet, fruits,
vegetables)
weight loss (BMI ≤25)
If you already have the disorder, losing
weight can improve your health and blood
sugar control. Being active can also help
prevent or control the disorder.
Why is it important to keep my
blood sugar close to normal?
Nerve damage
 Kidney disease
●Vision problems (or even blindness)
●Pain or loss of feeling in the hands and feet
●The need to have fingers, toes, or other body
parts removed (amputated)
●Heart disease and strokes
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