Transcript Surface Temperature Climatology

Climate Dynamics Starts
with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T=5780K
r = 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
Figure 1.1
NASA Image
Integration of Intensity over a Hemisphere to Get Net
Downward Energy Flux Density in W/m2.
We want Watts per m2.
1 m2 area
Figure 1.2
Sun and Earth Blackbody Spectra,
Trace Gas Absorption Lines
From Wallace and Hobbs
From Wallace and Hobbs
Figure 1.3
Climate Dynamics Starts
with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T=5780K
r = 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
Figure 1.4
NASA Image
The Earth’s Orbit is Elliptical
Figure 1.5
Measurement of the Solar Constant from
Satellite is Difficult
Improved Instrument
More Scattering,
Higher Irradiance
Measured
Kopp and Lean (2010)
Figure 1.6
Recent Solar Constant Measurements from the
SORCE Experiment
Figure 1.7
Courtesy of Greg Kopp (LASP)
Climate Dynamics Starts
with the Sun
Photosphere
Sunspots
T=5780K
r = 6.96x108 m
Faculae
From Wallace and Hobbs
Figure 1.8
NASA Image
11-Year Sunspot Cycle Indicates Variations in
Solar Luminosity
Percent Area of Photosphere Covered by Sunspots
Yellow
>1%
Fraction Area of Entire Photosphere Covered by Sunspots
Figure 1.9
Direct Measurements of Solar “Constant”
Satellite
Retrievals
IPCC 2013
Figure 1.10
Solar “Constant” Reconstructions Suggest
Stronger Longer-Term Variations
IPCC 2007
Figure 1.11
Solar Forcing Since 1750 is Relatively Small Compared to Other External
Perturbations to the Climate System. *Volcanic Ignored.
IPCC 2013
Figure 1.12