Transcript Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS

HIV / AIDS IN KENYA
IMPACT OF THE EPIDEMIC
DR. MOHAMED S. ABDULLAH
CHAIRMAN
NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL COUNCIL
00002-E-1 – 1 December 2000
Children (<15 years) estimated to be living
with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000
North America
11 000
Caribbean
11 000
Latin America
30 000
Western Europe
4 100
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
15 000
North Africa
& Middle East
16 000
Sub-Saharan
Africa
East Asia & Pacific
7
South
& South-East Asia
210 000
1.5 million
Total: 2.0 million
00002-E-2 – 1 December 2000
200
Australia
& New Zealand
< 200
Estimated adult and child deaths
from HIV/AIDS during 2000
North America
20 000
Caribbean
32 000
Latin America
50 000
Western Europe
7 000
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
14 000
North Africa
& Middle East
24 000
Sub-Saharan
Africa
25
South
& South-East Asia
000
470 000
3.0 million
Total: 3.6 million
00002-E-3 – 1 December 2000
East Asia & Pacific
Australia
& New Zealand
< 500
Adults and children estimated to be living
with HIV/AIDS as of end 2000
North America
920 000
Caribbean
390 000
Latin America
1.4 million
Eastern Europe
Western Europe & Central Asia
540 000 700 000
North Africa
& Middle East
400 000
Sub-Saharan
Africa
East Asia & Pacific
640
South
& South-East Asia
5.8 million
28.3 million
Total: 40.1 million
00002-E-4 – 1 December 2000
000
Australia
& New Zealand
15 000
Estimated deaths in children (<15 years)
from HIV/AIDS during 2000
North America
< 100
Caribbean
3 100
Latin America
3 000
Western Europe
< 100
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
< 500
North Africa
& Middle East
7 100
1
South
& South-East Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
500 000
Total: 600 000
00002-E-5 – 1 December 2000
East Asia & Pacific
000
40 000
Australia
& New Zealand
< 100
Estimated number of adults and children
newly infected with HIV during 2000
North America
45 000
Caribbean
60 000
Latin America
150 000
Western Europe
30 000
North Africa
& Middle East
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
250 000East Asia & Pacific
130 000
South
80 000
Sub-Saharan
Africa
& South-East Asia
780 000
4.2 million
Total: 6.0 million
00002-E-6 – 1 December 2000
Australia
& New Zealand
500
Estimated number of children (<15 years)
newly infected with HIV during 2000
North America
< 500
Caribbean
4 200
Latin America
7 300
Western Europe
< 500
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
600
North Africa
& Middle East
11 000
2
South
& South-East Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
620 000
Total: 800 000
00002-E-7 – 1 December 2000
East Asia & Pacific
600
65 000
Australia
& New Zealand
< 100
Cumulative number of children estimated to have
been orphaned by AIDS* at age 14 or younger
at the end of 1999
North America
70 000
Caribbean
85 000
Latin America
110 000
Western Europe
9 000
Eastern Europe &
Central Asia
500
North Africa
& Middle East
15 000
East Asia & Pacific
5
South
& South-East Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
850 000
13.1 million
Total: 15.2 million
* HIV-negative children who have lost their mother or both parents to AIDS before the age of 15 years
00002-E-8 – 1 December 2000
600
Australia
& New Zealand
< 500
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Demographic Impact

Highest sero-prevalence in women is between
25-29 years

Highest sero-prevalence in men is between
30-39 years

Women five times more infected than men (15-19 years age group)

More than one million orphans generated by epidemic

More than 2.2 million Kenyans infected at present
00002-E-9 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Demographic Impact

Life expectancy: 52 years from 64 years

Infant mortality rate: 74 from 53

Child mortality rate: 113 from 92

Maternal mortality: 650 from 240
00002-E-10 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Impact in Education

Skilled and experienced teachers are dying

Significant others are alive but incapacitated

Newly trained teachers are reduced by illness and death.

Production has either stagnated or even reduced

Teaching, research production, national develop planning affected

Leadership in implementation of strategies affected
00002-E-11 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Impact in Education
Large numbers of children are kept out of school because:

they are needed to help at home,

they have to care for sick family members

they have to work to increase the family income.

families cannot afford school fees
00002-E-12 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Impact on Children

Increased proportion of vulnerable children

Increased incidence of child labour.

House holds are headed by children

No support from the state or family around them.

Rising rates of child sexual abuse
00002-E-13 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Impact in Agriculture

Agriculture is the primary economic sector of Kenya

Engages about 74% of the labour force

Accounts for 24.5% per cent of gross domestic product.

Main production of food either for themselves or for the country

A threat to the country’s food security

Fertile lands of families remain idle shortage of agricultural labour

Loss of skills and experience in large & small scale farming
00002-E-14 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Impact in Health

Increases number of people seeking health services

it increases demand on health care providers

Increases demand on health facilities

increases need for human resource production

it increases the overall cost of health care in the country.
00002-E-15 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA

The Dilema

treating AIDS versus preventing HIV infection

treating AIDS versus treating other illnesses

spending on health versus spending on other demanding public services

skilled health personnel have died, Replacing them Vs Other cadre

Many are rendered incapable of further service, but need the income

direct cost of treating a new AIDS patient at Kshs.45,680,

indirect costs amount to Kshs 638,560

access to and quality of health care have worsened
00002-E-16 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Industrial Sector

Industrial Sector accounts for 13.3% of GDP

Frequency of absenteeism increased

Expenditures on illness and death have increased

52 per cent of total costs are HIV/AIDS-related costs.
00002-E-17 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Industrial Sector

loss of skilled manpower,

demand for manufactured products has reduced

industrial sector economically vulnerable.

per capita expenditure on health is $ 9 per year.

Cost per employee is $ 30 per year.

informal sector 47.4% of the GDP also affected
00002-E-18 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Social Impact

survivors are dependants left without economic support

epidemic has overwhelmed traditional systems of adoption

OVC without a steady resource base.

early teens heading households,

Children & Women are on the streets

increased crime rates

Increased psychologic and spiritual needs.

traumatic effects of bereavement
00002-E-19 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Presidents Statement:
“AIDS is not just a serious threat to our social and economic
development, it is a real threat to our very existence… AIDS
has reduced many families to the status of beggars… no
family in Kenya remains untouched by the suffering and
death caused by AIDS… the real solution of the spread of
AIDS lies with each and everyone of us”
00002-E-20 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Government Accelerated Intervention:
- Declaration of AIDS as a national disaster
- Formation of the National AIDS Control Council
- Formulation of the National Strategic Plan
- Formation of a comprehensive Institutional Framework
- Formulation of Legal Framework and Policy Guidelines
- Allocation of Dedicated Resources for HIV/AIDS
- Enhancement of Political Commitment
00002-E-21 – 1 December 2000
IMPACT OF AIDS IN KENYA
Priority Interventions

Advocacy for Prevention

Treatment, Continuum of Care and Support

Mitigation of Socio-Economic Impacts

Monitoring, Evaluation and Research

Effective Management and Coordination of the National
Response
00002-E-22 – 1 December 2000