Transcript Document
1607 First permanent English Settlement 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America 1494 Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas saying Spain can colonize and trade west of the line and Portugal east of the line 1215 Magna Carta limited power of the king of England 1216 English Bill of Rights guaranteed certain rights to citizens 1619 Establishment of House of Burgesses, first representative assembly in America 1619 First introduction of slavery and women to Virginia colony 1620 Mayflower Compact beginning of self-government by Colonists 1620 Plymouth colony was the first colony established in the Northeast 1700 Age of Reason/ Enlightenment Movement, in Europe emphasized scientific method and use of reason to explain the world 1730-40 Great Awakening, religious movement in colonies 1774 First Continental Congress, organized 13 colonies Benjamin Franklin Enlightenment thinker/ inventor Oldest delegate to Constitutional convention King George III King of England during American Revolution Cornwallis British general who lost at Yorktown John Smith Saved Jamestown 1639 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, first written constitution in new world 1660 Navigation Acts, series of laws passed by England to regulate colonists’ trade so England would make money Poor Richard’s Almanac by Ben Franklin, was a book giving advice and sayings Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was a novel about Puritan punishment Leatherstocking Tales: “Common Sense” by “Pathfinder,” “Deer Slayer” and “Last of the Mohicans” by James Thomas Paine Fenimore Cooper were novels was a pamphlet about the ideas about life in the American of independence frontier “The Crisis” by Thomas Paine was a pamphlet with the quote, “…these are the times that try men’s souls” “…we shall be like a city upon a hill…” John Winthrop Separation of church and state – Roger Williams “holy experiment” William Penn about Pennsylvania “I believe that I can save this nation and that no one else can…” William Penn “Join or die…” from the Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin “…these United colonies are…and of right ought to be, free and independent states…” Richard Henry Lee Bifocals Ben Franklin Joint-stock company Burgesses Representative government Toleration Racism Proprietary Colony Apprentice Imports Exports Enumerated articles Indentured servant Triangular trade Separation of Church and State Mercantilism 1754-63 French and Indian War removed French from North America and began problems between England and colonies 1763 Treaty of Paris officially ended French and Indian War 1770 Boston Massacre was where first civilians were killed by British soldiers 1773 Boston Tea Party – was the key symbolic act of the colonists of disapproval of lack of representation in English government 1775 1776 Shot Heard Round the World at Declaration of Independence, Lexington/ Concord, marked formally separated colonists from beginning of Revolutionary War England 1781 Revolutionary War, ends at the Battle of Yorktown George Washington General of the Continental Army Thomas Jefferson wrote Declaration of Independence Paul Revere warned colonists,”The British are coming!” Crispus Attucks 1st African American killed at the Boston Massacre John Paul Jones American Captain/hero during American Revolution Daniel Shays led groups of 2,000 farmers to save farms Benedict Arnold traitor to Patriot cause Samuel Adams founder of Sons of Liberty, group that organized Boston Tea Party Abigail Adams “Remember the women…” Proclamation of 1763 1764 colonists forbidden by England Sugar Act - tax on molasses, one to settle west of Appalachian event leading to revolution Mountains 1765 Stamp Act – tax on legal 1766 documents, newspapers, Quartering Act – British soldiers licenses, diplomas, dice, playing could stay in colonists’ homes cards, one event leading to revolution 1766 Tea Act – lead to the Boston Tea Party 1774 Intolerable Acts – Britain punishes colonists severely for the Boston Tea Party 1775 1783 Olive Branch Petition – colonists Treaty of Paris – officially ended declare loyalty to King George III American Revolution. US was but ask him to cancel Intolerable recognized as a nation by Acts England. “Paul Revere’s Ride”, poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: “Listen my children and you shall hear…” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”, “Rip Van Winkle” tales by Washington Irving set in New York and New Netherlands “Concord Hymn” poem by Ralph “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” Waldo Emerson portrayed the spirit of American Revolution Nathan Hale “If this be treason, make the most of it.” Patrick Henry “No taxation without representation” Patrick Henry “Give me liberty or give me death!” Patrick Henry “…shot heard round the world” Ralph Waldo Emerson “Come out you old rat…” Ethan Allen “Dig men, dig for your lives!” William Prescott “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!” William Prescott “I have not yet begun to fight!” John Paul Jones “We shall all hang together or surely hang separately!” Ben Franklin “Oh, God! It’s all over. Lord North “The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot…” Thomas Paine “(tis time to part…)” Thomas Paine “These are the times that try men’s souls…” Thomas Paine “The British are coming!” Paul Revere We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness… Declaration of Independence “…our lives, our fortunes, our sacred honor.” Thomas Jefferson Committee of Correspondence Militia Minutemen Blockade Traitor Patriots Loyalists Boycott Repeal Nonimportation agreements Writs of assistance Sons of Liberty 1776 Articles of Confederation – 1st American constitution created weak national government 1786 Shay’s Rebellion – demonstrated need for stronger government 1787 Constitutional Convention – meeting to revise Articles of Confederation resulting in new form of government 1787 Federalist Papers – written arguments for a strong central government 1789 Washington elected President 1791 Bill of Rights – First 10 Amendments guarantee individual freedoms; gained support for the Constitution to be ratified Roger Sherman wrote the Great Compromise Alexander Hamilton Head of Federalists George Washington president 1789 – 1797 Federalist Father of his Country John Adams president 1797 – 1801 Federalist Duke of Braintree Thomas Jefferson president 1801 – 1809 Democratic-Republican Red Fox James Madison president 1809 – 1817 Democratic-Republican Father of the Constitution 1787 1785 Great Compromise between New Land Ordinance of 1785 – set Jersey Plan and Connecticut up system for settling Northwest Plan gave us two houses in Territory Congress 1787 Three-fifths Compromise – Northern and Southern states agreed to count 3/5 of slaves 1787-88 Constitution created 1793 Neutrality Proclamation – Washington declares U.S. will not support either side in war in Europe 1798 Alien Act – allowed president to expel any foreigner who was thought to be dangerous to country 1798 1803 Sedition Act – citizens could be Marbury vs. Madison – Supreme fined or jailed for criticizing Court can decide if a law violates elected officials the Constitution McCullough vs. Maryland – curbed states’ rights “Steer clear of permanent alliances…” George Washington “Millions for defense, but not one “We are all Republicans; we are cent for tribute!” all Federalists” John Adams Thomas Jefferson Ratify Constitution Override Judicial review Bill of Rights Legislative branch Executive branch Judicial branch Compromise Separation of powers Elastic clause Federalism Impeach Federalist Appropriated Laissez faire Anti-Federalist Amend Due process Appeal 6 goals of Preamble Unconstitutional Tariff/tax/duty Necessary and proper Standing committees Joint committees Democratic Impressments Constituents Executive agreements Jury Checks and balances Bond National Debt Alien Speculator Embargo Nullify Veto Nationalism Bill Cabinet Sedition Republic Precedent Electoral College Mason-Dixon Line 1790’s Industrial Revolution – beginning of mass production, interchangeable parts, lower cost of goods, factory system, urbanization 1803 1812 Louisiana Purchase – land War of 1812 – War with England bought from France by Jefferson over impressments of sailors doubling size of US 1823 Monroe Doctrine – stated noninterference of European nations in Western Hemisphere 1845 annexation and Statehood of Texas 1846 1835-38 Mexican War – territories which Trail of Tears – Native became California, New Mexico, Americans were forced West to Nevada, Arizona, Colorado were Oklahoma by Andrew Jackson gained 1848 1848-49 Seneca Falls convention – first California Gold Rush – search for organized convention for gold caused settlement of the women’s suffrage West Andrew Jackson – hero of Battle Lewis and Clark – explored new of New Orleans, became lands of Louisiana Purchase president 1837 Horace Mann – Head of State School Board of New York; proponent of public education for all 1837 Mary Lyon – founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, first women’s college in U.S. 1841-60 1848 opened grade school in Boston; Elizabeth Cody Stanton – helped improved conditions in hospitals write Declaration of Sentiments and prisons; eliminated debtors at Seneca Falls Convention in prisons 1840’s Susan B. Anthony Women’s rights organizer 1840’s Elizabeth Blackwell First women with medical degree; started first nursing school James Monroe President 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Last of the Cocked Hats John Quincy Adams President 1825-1829 Democratic-Republican Old Man Eloquent Andrew Jackson President 1829-1837 Democrat Old Hickory Martin Van Buren President 1837-1841 Democrat Little Magician William Henry Harrison President 1841 Whig Old Tippecanoe John Tyler President 1841-1845 Whig His Accidency James K. Polk President 1845 – 1849 Democrat Young Hickory Zachary Taylor President 1849 – 1850 Whig Old Rough and Ready Millard Fillmore President 1850 – 1853 Whig Last of the Whigs Franklin Pierce President 1853-1857 Democrat Handsome Frank 1795 Treaty of Greenville – Several Native American tribes give up land for money 1807 Embargo Act – forbade Americans to export or import any goods 1809 1814 Nonintercourse Act Americans could now trade with Treaty of Ghent – ended the War of 1812 all nations except England and France 1830 Indian Removal Act – Native Americans forced west of the Mississippi 1848 Mexican Cession – Mexico sold western lands to U.S. 1849 Compromise of 1850 – compromise agreements Missouri Compromise – Slavery permitted south of 36.30 degree concerning slavery in parts of the union and territories parallel 1854 1853 Kansas-Nebraska Act – divided Gladsden Purchase – Mexico Nebraska territory in half and sold U.S. strip of land in presentallowed slavery vote in both day Arizona and New Mexico halves Gibbons vs. Ogden Steamboat case; monopoly “The Raven” and “Murders in Rue Morgue”, poems and stories by Edgar Allen Poe Moby Dick novel by Herman Melville about the whaling industry “The people have no right to sell, not to each other, certainly not to strangers…Why not sell the air…? Tecumseh “The Cherokees are nearly all prisoners…the property of many “Remember the Alamo!” Battle has been taken and sold before cry of Texas Independence from their eyes for almost nothing.” Mexico Trail of Tears “I will fight no more forever.” Chief Joseph 1793 Cotton Gin Eli Whitney 1825 Steamboat Robert Fulton Late 1820’s Photography Louis Daguerre (Fr) 1825 Canal Locks Erie Canal 1830 Steam Locomotive 1837 Telegraph and Morse Code Samuel F.B. Morse 1846 Sewing Machine Elias Howe 1847 Reaper Cyrus McCormick 1860’s Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer 1836 Plow John Deere Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney War Hawks Capitalists Factory system Interchangeable parts Era of Good Feelings Old Hickory Protective tariff American System Suffrage Nominating conventions Caucus Spoils system Immigrant Kitchen cabinet Pet banks Manifest Destiny Forty-niner Skilled/unskilled workers Trade unions Mason-Dixon line Nativist 1855 Bleeding Kansas 1859 Raid on Harper’s Fairy 1860 Election of Lincoln – lead to southern secession in 1861 1861-1865 1863 Civil War – attempt for southern Emancipation Proclamation – state to separate from the United Lincoln frees slaves in southern States and form own country states 1865 Lincoln’s Death- changed reconstruction Robert E. Lee Confederate General Stephen Douglas politician who supported popular sovereignty Ulysses Grant Union General William Lloyd Garrison Newspaper, The Liberator, NE Antislavery Society Frederick Douglas Freed slave, speaker; North Star Sojourner Truth runaway slave John Brown radical abolitionist who attacked proslavery settlers Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Grimke Sisters southern sisters who moved to Philadelphia and became abolitionists James Buchanan President 1857-1861 Democrat Ten-cent Jimmy Abraham Lincoln President 1961 – 1965 Republican Honest Abe 1850 Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 – demanded all citizens help catch runaway slaves 1857 Dred Scott Decision – slavery made legal in all territories 1865 – 13th Amendment – banned slavery throughout nation 1866 – 14th Amendment – gave citizenship to all people born in U.S. “The Liberator”, paper by William 1869 – Amendment – gave Lloyd Garrison spoke to abolition voting rights to ALL U.S. citizens of slavery 15th Leaves of Grass, book of Uncle Tom's Cabin, book by poems by Walt Whitman, Harriet Beecher Stowe, told had “Captain! My Captain!”, of horrors of slavery poem about Lincoln’s assassination “Essays on Civil Disobedience” by Henry D. Thoreau, said each person must decide what is right or wrong Red Badge of Courage, novel by Stephen Crane about Civil War “The Union – next to our liberty, most dear” John C. Calhoun “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” – Abraham Lincoln “On the 1st day of January in the year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or…part of a state whose people…shall then be in rebellion against the U.S. shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free” Emancipation Proclamation “Ain’t I a woman?” Sojourner Truth “I have lost my right arm” Robert E. Lee “It’s all my fault.” Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg Cemetery Ridge “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address “Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed.” William Sherman “The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.” Ulysses S. Grant “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” Abraham Lincoln “We worked in all waters. It was never too hot or too cold…Work, work, work…” Fredrick Douglas Tariff of Abominations Nullification States’ Rights Secede Panic of 1837 Discrimination Black codes Abolitionists Underground Railroad Temperance Movement Sectionalism Popular sovereignty Fugitive Border Ruffians Confederate States of America Martial law Emancipate Freedmen 1868 Impeachment of Andrew Johnson - First impeachment; not removed from office 1877 End of military reconstruction – troops removed from South Andrew Johnson – President 1865-1869 National Union Tennessee Taylor Ulysses S. Grant – President 1869 – 1877 Republican 1867 Reconstruction Act – divided South into 5 military districts Uncle Sam/Unconditional Surrender 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson – separate is equal Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippi, novel by Mark Twain “Corrupt bargain.” “Our federal union – it must be preserved!” Andrew Johnson “Damn the torpedoes…Full speed ahead…Tippecanoe and Tyler, too…” Admiral Perry Temperance Movement Radical Republicans Radical Reconstruction Scalawags Sharecroppers Ku Klux Klan Poll Taxes Literacy tests Segregation Carpetbaggers Grandfather clause Freedmen