Transcript Energy-saving, Emission reduction and energy structure

Circular Economy Development in China
Dr. Hongchun Zhou
Department of Social Development
Development Research Center of the State Council, China
2015/7/21
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Circular Economy in China
3. Some Case Study
4. Conclusion and Discussion
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1. Introduction
• Definition of the Circular Economy: Circular economy covers
all of economic development activities which reduce, reuse
and recycle resources, in order to maximize resource use and
minimize pollution and emission, aiming at sustainable
development.
• Reduce: Material input and waster discharge;
• Reuse: as second-hand, recovery, remanufacture, part(s) of
products;
• Recycle: as raw material, and thermal use.
• Ref. Law of the Circular Economy Promotion of the People’s
Republic of China.
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2. The Circular Economy in China
• Directive of the Circular Economy Promotion
Issued by State Council, July 2, 2005
• Five sectors:
- exploration, production, logistics, consumption,
recovery, recycle.
• Four priority:
- energy conservation, water-saving, resource
comprehensive utility, environmental industry
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• Law of the Circular Economy Promotion
• 7 chapters and 58 items, in which 7 regulators:
-plan,
-total quantity control,
-assessment,
-extended producer responsibility,
-management of enterprises with high energy consumption and emissions
-incentives, and
-conpension
• Means of circular economy in China is similar to ecological agriculture,
industry ecology, and/or green industry.
• Establish national statistics database for Circular Economy Development
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3. Cases of Circular Economy in China
• Initiate pilot involves parties at three levels: Enterprises,
Eco-industrial Park, and Urban areas.
• such enterprises in the sectors as Iron and steel, nonferrous metal, power plant, chemicals, construction
materials, light industry;
• Recovery system, recycling of secondary metal, recovery
of used electric products, and re-manufacture, and
• Provinces and cities.
• - the first trial of pilot Circular Economy Development
programme contains 83 parties
- the second one involves 98 parties
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The Circular Economy in Agriculture
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Energy-saving and resource comprehensive utilisation at Jinan Steel
Copper Recovery in Tianjin EIP
Solid Wastes imported;
Artificial classification；
crushed by a machine;
Water separating;
Best use of everything
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4. Conclusion and Discussion
• China has made some progress in the Circular
Economy development
• China is actively taking measures and actions to
reduce energy consumption so as to control
greenhouse gas emission;
• China is facing big challenge during the stage of
industrialization and urbanization;
• Questions?
• Are these activities belong to Low Carbon Economy?
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Growth rate of GDP and Energy consumption during 1978~2006
20
%
15
10
5
-5
Increase in energy comsumption
increase in GDP
-10
GDP and energy consumption growth rate in China since 1978
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2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
0
GDP and energy intensity in China during 1978～2006
60000
GDP
50000
energy consumption/1,000 yuan output
40000
30000
20000
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
Unit: 10K yuan
1981
0
1979
10000
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Ref: Energy intensity in 2006 decreased by 67.7％ compared to 1978. GDP at 1978 price.
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Chare of Primary Energy consumption in China since 1978
coal
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crude oil
natural gas
hydro/nuclear/wind
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
%
1978
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Energy consupmtion per capita in China (1990-2006)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
煤炭 Coal (千克) (kg)
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1996
1997
1998
1999
石油 Oil (千克) (kg)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
电力 Electricity (千瓦小时) (kW•h)
China's electricity output (1980-2006)
25000.0
20000.0
15000.0
10000.0
5000.0
0.0
1980
Hydropower
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1985
1990
1995
Thermal Power
2000
2001
2002
Nuclear Power
2003
Actively develop hydropower in China
140000
120000
100000
MW
TWH
Installed Capacity
Annual Power Generation
450
400
350
300
80000
250
60000
200
150
40000
100
20000
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1912
1949
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0
50
Hydropower Installation in China
0
Use wind energy
• Wind electricity capacity is 6050
MW till 2007;
• 4200 MW capacity is under
construction (putting China the
fifth in the world); up to 10000
WM this year, and 20000 MW in
2010 (will then be putting China
as the top one in terms of wind
power capacity in the world).
• fasten the construction of wind
plant and develop wind power
equipment up to 10000 MW of
capacity (Zhang, 2008)
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• Nuclear development: about 9 000MW of unclear power
installation is in use now (1.3% of the total capacity)
• 6 plants, 11 units of unclear power with 9060 MW capacities in
use since the first phase of Qinshan plant in 1991, and the
other 7900 MW capacity of 8 plants are under construction.
The second phase
of Lingao unclear
plant in
construction
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Wastes used as energy sources
Biomass energy development
• Use agricultural residues (such as unwanted stems) to generate
electricity
One of the 100 on-going
Biomass power plants
under construction
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26.23 million families use biogas in 2007.
Integration of greenhouse, piggery, heating, methane-generation
Greenhouse
CO2
O2
Biogas for heating
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Tank for Biogas Digester
China's exports of energy intensive products (2000-06)
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
2000
2001
Iron and Steel Wire(tn)
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2002
Copper Products
2003
2004
Aluminum Products(tn)
2005
2006
Zinc and Zinc Alloys(tn)
Shut down small scale of plant
Shut down small scale
plants below or of
21570MW capacity in
2007.
Consumed coal of
electricity generation
decreased by 10 g/kWh,
which equals to 0.3
million tones less of SO2
emission and 37.6
million tones less of CO2
emission.
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The plan of renewable energy development in China
• Wind power: additional 9000
MW, and all together up 10000
MW renewable to 2010;
• Biomass: 5500 MW capacity to
2010;
• Biogas (methane): 40 million
families, large scale of 6300
biogas engineers;
• Thermal use of solar energy on
150 mm2, solar power of
300MW;
• National input 12.2 billion yuan
into demonstration of biomass
technology in rural areas.
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Thank you!
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