Transcript Slide 1
9/27 Objectives • SWBAT classify governments according to three sets of characteristics; who can participate, how power is distributed geographically, and how power is distributed between the executive and legislative branch. 3 WAYS TO CLASSIFY GOVERNMENTS Who can participate. Geographic distribution of power. Relationship between the legislative and executive branches. WHO CAN PARTICIPATE • DEMOCRACY -> PEOPLE HAVE THE POWER, GOVERNMENTS EXIST WITH THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. • 2 Forms • Direct & Indirect Direct Democracy • “Pure” – The will of the people is translated into public policy. • Small town meetings Question • Why are town meetings (direct democracy) impractical in large cities? Indirect Democracy • Representative • Held accountable through periodic elections • A government by popular consent – with the consent of the governed • No matter what form of democracy, the people are sovereign WHO CAN PARTICIPATE • DICTATORSHIP-> OLDEST AND MOST COMMON, GOVERNMENT DOES NOT ANSWER TO THE PEOPLE. • 2 Forms • Autocracy & Oligarchy Autocracy • A single person holds unlimited power. • What form of government is an example? • Monarchy Oligarchy • Power to rule is held by a small, usually selfappointed elite class • All dictatorships are authoritarian – those in power hold absolute and unchallengeable authority over the people • But may not control all aspects of citizens lives • Most modern dictatorships are totalitarian. • They exercise complete power over nearly every aspect of human affairs. Their power embraces all matters of human concern. • Examples? • Saadam Hussein’s Iraq • Kim Jong Il’s North Korea • Mussolini’s Italy • Hitler’s Germany • Stalin’s USSR • People’s Republic of China (1949 to 1991) Classify each of the following governments based on who can participate • This government has a President, who used to be a general in the army. He has appointed himself president after the collapse of a previous regime. He has a few close advisors whom he rely’s heavily on when making important decisions and carrying out law. • Dictatorship (Oligarchy) Saudi Arabia • In this government meetings are regularly held by the mayor in which citizens are welcome to come and voice their opinions on important issues. Once everyone is satisfied that they have been heard a vote is taken in which all votes collected will be counted and the majority will determine the outcome of how that issue will be handled. • Democracy (Direct) Switzerland • In this government only male citizens age 21 and older are eligible to vote in elections. Every 2 years elections are held in which a majority vote will elect officials who will make decisions on public policy, etc. • Democracy (Indirect) • Representative Australia • In this form of government the Prime Minister is the leader of the political party in power. He is given authority to make whatever decisions he feels are necessary for his nation and is backed by his political party. Most citizens trust and love him because he provides jobs, housing, health care, and most other basic needs for them. He will remain in power as long as he is alive or as long as his party remains in power. • Dictatorship (autocracy) • Totalitarian North Korea INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS • WILL IDENTIFY 3 CRITERIA USED TO CLASSIFY GOVERNMENTS AND WILL BE ABLE TO CLASSIFY GOVERNMETNS BASED ON THOSE 3 CRITERIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • UNITARYA CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT • FEDERALA CENTRAL AND SEVERAL LOCAL GOVERNMENTS • CONFEDERATEA LOOSE UNION OF STATES Unitary • All powers held by government belong to a single, central agency. • Local units are created for its own convenience. • Local units only have powers given to them by the central government. • Example? • England Federal • Power of government is divided between a central government and several local governments • Division of Powers • Examples? • United States, Australia, Canada, Mexico Confederation • An alliance of independent states. • A central organization, the confederate government, only handles matters the member states assign to it. • Example? • USA under the Articles of Confederation RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGISLATIVE AND EXECUTIVE BRANCHES • PRESIDENTIAL – AT LEAST 2 SEPARATE BRANCHES, WITH THE EXECUTIVE CHOSEN BY THE PEOPLE • The branches regularly have several powers with which each can block actions by the other branch. AKA Checks and Balances • Example? • USA • PARLIAMENTARY-THE EXECUTIVE AND HIS CABINET ARE CHOSEN FROM THE LEGISLATURE. • They stay in power only as long as they have the majority of support from parliament. • Example? • England • WHICH CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT WOULD YOU LEAST LIKE TO LIVE UNDER? WHY? • -----------------------------------------------------------• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEG/EX BRANCH • PRESIDENTIAL, PARLIMENTARY • GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • UNITARY, FEDERAL, CONFEDERATE • WHO CAN PARTICIPATE • DEMOCRACY, DICTATORSHIP CLASSIFY USING ALL 3 CRITERIA • THE STUDENT GOVERNMENT HAS A PRESIDENT CHOSEN BY THE STUDENT COUNCIL. THE MEMBERS OF THE STUDENT COUNCIL ARE ELECTED BY ALL THE STUDENTS. EACH GRADE HAS IT’S OWN ELECTED OFFICERS, AND EACH CLASS’ OFFICERS HAVE THEIR OWN OFFICE WHERE THE MEET. EACH OF THESE CLASS OFFICES ARE IN A DIFFERENT PART OF THE BUILDING. • Democracy (indirect), Federal, Parliamentary CLASSIFY USING ALL 3 CRITERIA • THE SCHOOL BOARD MEETS ALWAYS TOGETHER IN THE SAME LOCATION. THE BOARD PRESIDENT IS ELECTED BY THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. ANYONE CAN RUN FOR AND VOTE FOR SCHOOL BOARD MEMBERS. • Democracy (indirect), Unitary, Parliamentary CLASSIFY USING ALL 3 • SLUG IS THE STRONGEST AND IS CHARGE OF 3 CAVES SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE VALLEY, EACH MORE THAN 5 MILES FROM THE OTHER. HE IS LEADER BECAUSE HE IS STRONGEST. HOWEVER, OVER THE YEARS A GROUP OF TRUSTED ADVISORS HAVE EMERGED. SLUG STILL MAKES ALL THE DESICSIONS BUT IN EACH INDIVIDUAL CAVE HE HAS SOMEONE HE TRUSTS TO FOLLOW THROUGH ON HIS PLANS. • Dictatorship (autocracy), Federal, Parliamentary CLASSIFY BASED ON ALL 3 CRITERIA • THE FRATERNITY HAS 5 FLOORS, EACH FLOOR ELECTS A FLOOR LEADER WHO THEN COMBINE TO MAKE UP AN EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, THEY MAKE RULES FOR THE FRATERNITY. THE FRATERNITY MEMBERS ALSO ELECT FRATERNITY DIRECTOR WHO MUST MAKE SURE THE RULES ARE BEING FOLLOWED, THE DIRECTOR MUST BE A JUNIOR OR SENIOR. EACH FLOOR HAS MONTHLY MEETINGS TO DISCUSS CONCERNS AND PROJECTS. ALL MEMBERS MAY VOTE FOR THEIR FLOOR LEADER AND FOR THE FRATERNITY DIRECTOR. • Democracy (indirect), Federal, Presidential CLASSWORK ACTIVITY • WRITE OUT YOUR OWN EXAMPLE OF A GOVERNMENT AND WE WILL CLASSIFY. Classifications of Government • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEG/EX BRANCH • PRESIDENTIAL, PARLIMENTARY • GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • UNITARY, FEDERAL, CONFEDERATE • WHO CAN PARTICIPATE • DEMOCRACY, DICTATORSHIP 10/3 INSTRUCTIONAL GOAL • RECORD IN YOUR NOTEBOOK • IDENTIFY BASIC DEMOCRATIC CONCEPTS AND UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF EACH. 10/3 Warm Up WHAT TERM IS BEING DEFINED? 1. IS A PROCESS BY WHICH GROUPS MAKE COLLECTIVE DECISIONS. • POLITICS 2. A GROUP OF PEOPLE, LIVING IN AN IDENTIFIED AREA, WITH COMMON BELIEFS, LAWS AND CUSTOMS. • SOCIETY 3. HOW A GROUP OF PEOPLE USE THEIR LIMITED RESOURCES. • ECONOMY 4. IS AN INSTITUTION THROUGH WHICH A SOCIETY MAKES AND ENFORCES IT’S PUBLIC POLICIES. • GOVERNMENT BASIC CONCEPTS OF DEMOCRACY 1. WORTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL 2. EQUALITY OF ALL PERSONS 3. MAJORITY RULE / MINORITY RIGHTS 4. NECESSITY OF COMPROMISE 5. INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM LOCATED ON PAGES 18-20 (Individual Assignment) FORM A GROUP • SELECT PEOPLE TO BE IN A GROUP OR I WILL MAKE GROUPS FOR YOU. • YOU CAN HAVE NO MORE THAN 4 PEOPLE, 2 BOYS AND 2 GIRLS (OR AS CLOSE AS WE CAN COME) • DESIGNATE A ‘COMMUNICATOR’, GIVE THEM INDIVIDUAL DIRECTIONS, SEE ME WHEN ALL ARE FINISHED. 5 PRINCIPLES OF A DEMOCRACY • • • • • WORTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL EQUALITY OF ALL PERSONS MAJORITY RULE, MINORITY RIGHTS NECESSITY OF COMPROMISE INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS WORTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL • IF ALL PEOPLE CAN VOTE AND PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT THEN WE MUST ALL HAVE WORTH. • IF ALL PEOPLE HAVE WORTH THEN THEY MUST BE REPRESENTED AND HAVE CHANCE TO PARTICIPATE. EQUALITY OF ALL PERSONS • GOVERNMENT CAN NOT GUARENTEE THAT ALL WILL ACHIEVE EQUALLY BUT EACH MUST HAVE AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY. MAJORITY RULE / MINORITY RIGHTS • MAJORITY RULE INCREASES THE CHANCE OF GOOD DECISIONS THAT ARE ACCEPTABLE TO THE PEOPLE. • MINORITY RIGHTS ARE MOST OFTEN PROTECTED BY THE JUDICIAL BRANCH OF OUR GOVERNMENT. NECESSITY OF COMPROMISE • NOT EVERYONE IS TOTALLY HAPPY WITH COMPROMISE BUT NO ONE SHOULD BE TOTALLY UNHAPPY EITHER. INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS • “THE RIGHT TO SWING MY FIST ENDS WHERE THE OTHER MAN’S NOSE BEGINS.” • OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES • No one has absolute freedom, That would be anarchy! SUMMARY • THESE 5 PRINCIPLES ARE ESSENTIAL TO A FUNCTIONING DEMOCRACY. • THEY HAVE BECOME THE CENTRAL POINTS OF OUR AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. • THE DEBATE CONTINUES AS TO THE INDIVIDUAL IMPORTANCE OF EACH. QUESTION 1 • Which principle of democracy would you be willing to disregard and why? Question 2 • YOU ARE DIRECTING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOR A DAY, YOU HAVE 1 CHANCE TO CHANGE AND IMPROVE THE LIVES OF ALL AMERICANS, WHAT WOULD DO, HOW AND WHY?