20s, 30s, and the Great Depression

Women - 19 th Amendment -Work -WWI -expanding industry -housework eased -washing machines -vacuums -packaged meals -more time -read -politics

-Feminism -reject feminine roles -

FLAPPERS

-young -short hair -short dresses -makeup -smoke and drank in public -talked about sex “vamps” -laws passed to stop them -skirt length laws

American Fundamentalism -Bible is the Truth -creationism -Dayton, TN -John Scopes -teaching evolution -Scope Trial -creationism vs evolution -William Jennings Bryan vs Clarence Darrow “monkey trial” -Scopes found guilty -evolution is illegal -SUPREME COURT OVERRULED!!!!!!

Prohibition -18 th Amendment -Volstead Act -beer and wine illegal -Bootlegging -Speakeasies -gangsters -Al Capone -Chicago St. Valentine’s Day Massacre -income tax evasion -21 st Amendment -ended Prohibition

Race -prejudice at home -Ku Klux Klan -race riots -WASP -New Negro -NAACP -black economy -

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

-expressing heritage -jazz -Louis Armstrong -Duke Ellington

-writers -Langston Hughes -Zora Neale Hurston Inventions -Automobile -traffic accidents -independence to the young -broke prohibition -NASCAR -Radio -KDKA -1929: 600 stations

-information -entertainment -Amos and Andy -Jazz -Babe Ruth -Jim Thorpe -Bob Jones -Red Grange -Notre Dame -connected the country to the city

Airplane -stunt shows -Charles Linbergh -Spirit of St. Louis -transatlantic flight -New York to Paris -Richard Byrd -North Pole -South Pole -Amelia Earhart -first woman to complete a transatlantic flight -disappeared during Pacific attempt

1919 -Wilson involved in peace process -post war depression -contracts cancelled -low farm prices -unemployment -Republican majority -ISOLATIONIST -Strikes -Boston Police -Coal -Steel -all failed

1920’s -labor lost strength -economy improved -strikes failed -injunctions -

IDENTIFIED WITH COMMUNISM RED SCARE

-fear of a communist revolution in America -arrests, fines, deportations -Palmer Raids -searches -Espionage Act -radicals deported

-civil liberties violated -

SACCO AND VANZETTI

-anarchists -charged with murder -show trial -issue more important than verdict -ELECTRICUTED!!!!!

PRESIDENTS Warren G. Harding -Republican “Return to Normalcy” -Isolationist Veteran’s Bureau -aid to soldiers -balance budget -tariffs -Emergency Quota Act -limited immigration -3%

-SCANDALS -Teapot Dome -secretary of interior bribed -oil drilling in reserve land -Ohio Gang members of Harding’s cabinet -underground alcohol and drug ring -bribes, kickbacks -Harding dies of a stroke -scandals discovered afterwards called “the most corrupt President”

Calvin Coolidge - Silent Cal “the business of America is America’s business” -Laissez faire -no government regulation -Reduce government costs -Vetoed Soldiers Bonus -Isolationist -Kellogg Briand Pact -outlaws war -America is no longer a police officer -re elected: “keep cool with Coolidge” full dinner pail

Herbert Hoover “We in America are closer to the triumph over poverty than any country in the history of the world” “chicken in every pot and a car in every garage” -increased tariffs -restricted immigration -20 th Amendment - President inaugurated on Jan 20 th “lame duck”

1920’s -prosperity -surplus income -dividends -payments to stockholders -farmers not included

STOCK MARKET CRASH!!!!!

-WALL STEET LAYS AN EGG

-October 29, 1929 -Black Tuesday -panic selling -$30 billion lost -America sinks into the Great Depression

Great Depression

Causes -Stock Market Crash -World War I -destruction -Tariffs -surplus of goods -Excessive borrowing -unstable -Unequal distribution of income -NO BANK INSURANCE!!!!!!

Symptoms -Unemployment -Suicide -Loss of confidence -banks -business -Production down -Construction stopped -Farm income down

Dust Bowl -Great Plains “Grapes of Wrath” -John Steinback

HOOVER DID NOTHING!!!!!

“the end is right around the corner” -people are upset “Hoovervilles” “Hoover blankets” “Hoover flags” Bonus Army -veterans march on Washington -Hoover calls in military -Douglas MacArthur burns Hooverville

Election of 1932 -

FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT

-promises a

NEW DEAL

-government should provide relief and protect people “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” New Deal -experimental -3 aims -relief -recovery -reform

First New Deal -Relief -Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) -young men -reforestation and conservation -Works Progress Administration (WPA) -construction -schools -roads -bridges -artists

-National Youth Administration (NYA) -paid to stay in school -keep kids out of the job market -Recovery -Farmers -Farm Credit Administration (FCA) -money to avoid foreclosure -Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) -subsidies -paid not to produce -critics: taxes, red tape, less food -challenged constitution

-Construction -WPA -Home Owners Corporation -help with mortgages -Federal Housing Administration -lend money for new houses -home owners insurance -Banks -Bank Holidays -banks close -more deposits than withdrawls -Federal Deposit Insurance (FDIC) -money insured up to $2500

-Industry -National Recovery Administration (NRA) -business and government work together “codes of conduct” -Blue Eagle -National Labor Relations Board -settle disputes -Wagner Act -SUPPORTED LABOR UNIONS!!!!

Second New Deal -Reform (Protection) -Social Securities Act -Unemployment insurance -Pensions -FDIC -aid to handicap -Federal Securities Act -disclosure for stocks and bonds -Securities and Exchange Commission -stop dishonest practices -supervise the stock market

-Tennessee Valley Authority -hydroelectric power -cheap -Appalachian Mountains -provides jobs -people upset -land taken away

-Second AAA -crops insured against weather Criticism of the New Deal -Government is too powerful -Roosevelt is a dictator -Roosevelt is a socialist - BIG GOVERNMENT!!!!

-National Debt -Depression is still continuing -Anti-Roosevelt politicians elected -Huey Long -Share the Wealth

-Father Coughlin Supporting the New Deal -Fireside chats -New Deal created jobs People’s confidence had been restored -PROGRESS!!!!!

Roosevelt re-elected in 1936 Ran again in 1940 -government ownership of utilities -extended social security -KEPT AMERICA OUT OF WORLD WAR II!!!!

WORLD WAR II ENDS THE GREAT DEPRESSION!!!!!!!

New Deal’s Legacy -American welfare state -government takes care of the people -America demands more -DEFICIT SPENDING!!!!!

spending money you don’t have to solve a problem -DEBATE OVER BIG GOVERNMENT