Transcript УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРА СПЕРМИЕВ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧН

Molecular-genetic analysis of starfishes Asterias
amurensis and A. rubens
A.L. Drozdov, I.P. Vladychenskaya, ,N.B. Petrov
Asterias amurensis
the Northern Pacific
seastar and Japanese common starfish
red seastar A. rubens,
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS,
Moscow State University
common, or Forbes
starfish A. forbesi
[email protected]
Now A. amurensis has been introduced to
the oceanic areas of Tasmania, southern
Australia, Alaska, the Aleutian Island,
part of Europe and Maine.
A. forbesi
(Desor,1848)(North
Atlantic Ocean
from the Gulf of
Maine to the Gulf
of Mexico)
A. rubens
nother
Linnaeus, 1758 (
Atlantic, common
species in North &
White seas, west
part of Baltic sea)
A.amurensis
Lutken, 1871
(norther
China,
Russia,,Japan.)
In this study we analyzed the mitochondria COI
genes in A. rubens and A. amurensis.
The obtained sequences were aligned with
homologous sequences of other species of the
North Atlantic and Pacific sea stars, taken from
Genbank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and held their
phylogenetic analysis using the software package
MEGA 5.
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Phylogenetic tree of
fragment
sequences
of
mitochondrial COI
gene in
several
species of
sea stars.
Phylogenetic trees for Asterias
generated using the best-fit maximum
likelihood model in each data set
(COI: HKY + f; ITS: F81). (A)
Cytochrome c oxidase I phylogeny of
inter- and intraspecific Asterias
relationships. Here all characters
(first, second, and third position) are
included; an identical topology is
found using parsimony or distance
methods, or looking at third-position
characters alone. Bootstrap support
for each species is indicated by the
numbers below each branch. These
data do not reject a molecular clock
model. The divergence across the
Arctic (between A. amurensis and the
Atlantic species) is considered to be 3.5
Ma; this generates an estimate of
about 3.0 Ma for the divergence
between A. rubens and A. amurensis.
Biogeography of Asterias: North Atlantic Climate
Change and Speciation (after Wares, 2001
The ratio of species of sea stars in common with the North Atlantic and North Pacific in a
variety of Arctic regions at depths of 0-300 m. 1 - the proportion of species (%) in
common with the North Atlantic, and 2 - the proportion of species (%) in common with
the North Pacific.
The ratio of starfish species with the North Atlantic and North
Pacific origin in a variety Arctic regions at depths of 0-300 m.
1 - the proportion of species (%) from the North Atlantic, 2 the proportion of species (%) in common with the North Pacific, 3
- species of unknown origin
The proportion of different origins species in the individual basins of the Arctic Ocean.
NorS - Norwegian Sea; BarS - Barents Sea; KarS - Kara Sea; LapS - Laptev Sea; ESibS - East
Siberian Sea; ChukS - Chukchi Sea; NLGB - Norwegian and Greenland basins; CAB - Nansen and
Amundsen; CanB - Canadian Basin . (Krylova, Ivanov, 2012)
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100
94
92
100
93
80
78
90
100
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60
100
Asterias rubens BBS1
Asterias rubensDMAV4
Asterias rubensWAR5
Asterias rubensNAR6
Asterias rubens BBS7
Asterias rubensDM46
Asterias rubens BBS3
Asterias rubensNS31
Asterias rubens1
Asterias rubensRAR5
Asterias rubens BBS2
Asterias rubensWAR1
Asterias rubensFAR1
Asterias rubensDM49
Asterias rubensRAR8
Asterias amurensisAA J24
Asterias amurensisAA Y18
Asterias amurensisAaun1
Asterias amurensisAA 18
Asterias amurensis1
Asterias amurensis3
Asterias amurensisAA M48
Asterias amurensisAA1T
Asterias amurensisAA2T
Asterias amurensis2
Asterias forbesiiCAF1
Asterias forbesiiCAF1-A
Asterias forbesiiWH28
Asterias forbesiiAF3
Asterias forbesiiWH27-A
Asterias forbesiiWH31-A
Asterias forbesiiWH32
Forcipulatida sp AAA8344 As262
Aphelasterias japonica5
Aphelasterias japonica3
Aphelasterias japonica1
Aphelasterias japonica2
Aphelasterias japonica4
Distolasterias nipon
The
evolutionary
relationships
between taxa of
sea stars,
derived by the
maximum
parsimony
method from
mitochondrial
COI gene
sequences.
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97
56
Asterias amurensis1
Asterias amurensis2
Asterias amurensis3
Asterias forbesii isolCAF2
Asterias rubens3
99
Asterias rubens1
68
Asterias rubens2
Aphelasterias japonica5
0.05
Анализ последовательностей спейсеров ITS1, ITS2, 5,8S рРНК методом
максимального правдоподобия.
The results of the analysis indicate a high degree of interspecies
isolation studied in this paper types. The level of intraspecific
divergence estimated from genetic distances within species
clusters varied in the range between 0.003 and 0.009, while the
level of interspecific divergence, as measured by genetic distance
between species clusters, varied in the range between 0.104 and
0.298. In comparisons with mitochondrial COI marker, evaluation
of genetic divergence from nuclear gene markers (ITS 1 and 2,
5.8S rRNA gene) revealed lower level of interspecies divergence,
but higher level intergeneric divergence.
Analysis of the current geographical distribution of the genus
Asterias points to inhabit two species in the North Atlantic. A.
forbesii dwells on the shelf of the North American coast from Cape
Hatteras to Cape Cape Cod, north of the area which extends A.
rubens. European populations which inhabit the shelf of the
European Atlantic coast of Iceland to the west of France. The U.S.
population A. rubens originally were referred to the species A.
vulgaris. Areas of North American populations of A. forbesi and A.
rubens overlap to a large part of the shelf around Cape Cape Cod
(Franz et al., 1981). Large genetic distances between populations
of these species indicate a lack of cross-species hybridization.
Paleontological data show that the penetration
of the genus Asterias in the North Atlantic there
were at least 3.5 million years ago, followed by
trans-Arctic migration was interrupted due to
climate change (Worley, Franz, 1983). This date
is the starting point for determining the time of
divergence between the North Pacific and North
Atlantic sea A.amurensis taxa (Wares, 2001).
Our results show that the genetic
distance between the North Atlantic taxa
is no less than between A.amurensis and
North Atlantic taxa. Consequently, the
exchange of genes between the North
Atlantic populations of A. forbesi and A.
rubens, too, had to be interrupted not
later than 3.5 million years ago.
Molecular-genetic analysis of starfishes Asterias
amurensis and A. rubens
A.L. Drozdov, I.P. Vladychenskaya, ,N.B. Petrov
Asterias amurensis,
red sea star A. rubens,
common, or Forbes sea star A. forbesi
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS,
Moscow State University
E-mail: [email protected]