Transcript AN OVERVIEW OF BIOTECHNOLGY DEVELOPMENT IN NEAPAL

AN OVERVIEW OF
BIOTECHNOLGY
DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• MAY BE A NEW WORD
• NOT NEW PRACTICE
UNDERSTOOD VARIOUSLY
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
USA
CANADA
UK
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
SAARC
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGIES
CELL FUSION
TISSUE CULTURE
EMBRYO TRANSFER
IMMUNOLOGY
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
NEPAL
TECHNIQUE USING LIVING
ORGANISMS OR SUBSTANCES FROM
ORGANISMS
• TO MAKE OR MODIFY A PRODUCT
• TO IMPROVE PLANTS OR ANIMALS
• TO DEVELOP MICROORGANISMS FOR
SPECIFIC USES
PRACTICAL VIEWPOINT
MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE
WORKING TOGETHER IN HARMONY
*BIOLOGY
*PHYSICS
*CHEMISTRY
*MATHEMATICS
*ENGINEERING
RECENT ACHIEVENTS &
ADVANCES IN GENETIC
ENGINEERING
“SPLIT THE HAIR”
OLD BIOTECHNOLOGY
NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY
TRADITIONAL & NATIONAL
HERITAGE OF NEPAL
TRADITIONALBIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
FERMENTATION
KODO, RICE, SAKHAR INTO ALCOHOL
LEAFY VEGETABLES INTO GUNDRUK
BROWNING OF RICE INTO HAKU JAKI
PICKLING OF FRUITS
JUTE OR NALU FROM BARK OF HEMP
DUNG AS FERTILIZER
DUNG CAKE AS FUEL FOR COOKING
NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
FIELD OF APPLICATION
AGRICULTURE
FORESTRY
ENVIRONMENT/SANITATION
EDUCATION
FOOD
HEALTH
ENERGY
VETERINARY
TYPE OF TECHNIQUES
• WIDELY USED
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
MICROBIAL CULTURE
• LITTLE USE
MERISTEM CULTURE
ANTHER CULTURE
PHROMONE
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
ELISA TECHNIQUE
BIOASSAY
ENZYMOLOGY
CALLUS CULTURE
FLORICULTURE
RECOMBINANT DNA
BOTANICAL PEST CONTROL
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
PROTEIN PROFILE TECHNIQUE
CONVENTIONAL BREEDING
AGROTECHNIQUE
THRUST AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
*CLONAL PROPAGATION
*MERISTEM CULTURE
*GERM PLASM CONSERVATION
*POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE
*Genetic engineering for insect/pest resistance
*Genetic engineering for herbicide resistance
*Genetic engineering for virus resistance
*Embryo rescue
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• BIOFERTILIZER
• BIOINSECTICIDE
• SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
PRODUCTION
• INDUSTRIAL ENZYME
• BIO-ENERGY
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTION
• IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH
AQUATIC BIOTECHNOLOGY
• FISHERY
• AQUACULTURE
STATUS OF BIOTECH PROJECTS
• MAJORITY AIMED AT PROPAGATING
DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES AT SUITABLE
LEVEL
• MOST R & D STILL AT LABORATORY
PHASE
• A FEW TRANSFERRED TO LAND TRIAL
EXPENDITURE ON BIOTECH ACTIVITIES
• GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITY FUND ---- NOMINAL
• INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH BY
INDUSTRY
----- NON-EXISTENT
• EXTERNAL FUNDING AGENCIES :
ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION
USAID, JICA, IFS, FAO, ODA (UK), ADB
LARGEST FUNDING $ 150,000/-
HUMAN RESOURCES IN BIOTECH
ACTIVITY
• MASTER LEVEL 57%
• DOCTORATE LEVEL
32%
TRAINING
• LONG & SHORT COURSES
• MAINLY TISSUE CULTURE TO:
FARMERS, M.Sc. & Ph.D.s
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
• OCCASIONAL PAPERS
• ANNUAL REPORTS
• NATIONAL JOURNALS
+ BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS
+ HIMALAYAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES
+ BANKO JANAKARI
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
• DISSEMINATION OF IMPORTANCE OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY AMONG POLICY
MAKERS, PLANNERS, GENERAL PUBLIC
• SHARING EXPERIENCES AMONG
SCIENTISTS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH
• NEPAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION
• BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
SOCIETY OF NEPAL
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH
ACTIVITIES
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GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
AUTONOMOUS ORGANIZATIONS
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
• OLDEST AND LARGEST
• M. Sc. PROGRAM IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
• B. Sc. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
POKHARA UNIVERSITY
• B. Sc. IN BIOCHEMISTRY
CURRENT STATUS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
LIMITED TO TISSUE CULTURE
PUBLIC LABORATORIES
DEVELOP PROTOCOLS
PRIVATE LABORATORIES
USE PROTOCOLS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSE
PROSPECT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
MAJOR CRISES
DISEASE
HUNGER
ENERGY SHORTAGE
ENVIRONMENTAL
DETERIORATION
POLLUTION
REVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
• POVERTY ALLEVIATION
• REDUCING DEPRIVATION
• SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
• CONSERVATION OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
• MAINTAINING A CLEANER
ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY
FOR NEPAL
FOCUS ON TISSUE CULTURE
*TO PROVIDE GENETICALLY IMPROVED
SEEDLINGS
*LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF
VALUABLE SPECIES FOR
MASSIVE FUEL WOOD
FODDER
TIMBER
MAJOR AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
FOR NEPAL
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1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
CALLUS CULTURE
MERISTEM CULTURE
IN-VITRO EMBRYO RESCUE
POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE
GENETIC ENGINEERING
2. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• BIOFERTILIZERS
• INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES
• SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
PRODUCTION
• BIOPESTICIDES
• BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION
• FOOD PRESERVATION
• MINERAL LEACHING
3. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH
• IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
• IMPROVED ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
4. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
• RAPID DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS & KITS
• PRODUCTION OF CULTURE MEDIA
• PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES
• VACCINES AGAINST MALARIA,
MEASLES, DIARRHOEA, JAUNDICE
CHOLERA ETC.
• THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FROM LOCAL
PLANT RESOURCES
NATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY
DRAFTED FROM A MEETING OF STAKEHOLDERS
1.
Put biotechnology high on national agenda
2.
Establish high-level Biotechnology Development
Council (BDC) under the chairmanship of Rt.
Honorable Prime Minister to review and revise
biotechnology, appraise annual progress and solve
problems for the development of biotechnology.
3. Biotechnology Coordination Committee (BCC) under
the chairmanship of Honorable Minister of S and T
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to carry out R&D in biotechnology
to develop critical manpower and
a curriculum for biotechnology
to encourage private entrepreneurs and
raise public awareness.
4. National Biotechnology Research and Development
Centre (NBRDC)
• undertake research and training as per
national priority
5. Review existing legislation and propose new
legislation or amendments to regulate
biotechnology
6. Strengthen and develop appropriate human
resources for biotechnology.
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Strengthen infrastructure in existing
Institutions and set up new institutions
as per necessity.
8. Encourage private entrepreneurs to set
up laboratories, greenhouses and
nurseries to propagate elite and disease
free plants by using biotechnology tools.
9. Encourage the private sector to establish
biotechnology related industries.
10. Create conducive atmosphere for research,
development and commercialization of
biotechnology.
11. Devise a mechanism to set up one
window system for the transport,
import and export of biotechnology
products.
12. Management of funds at national level
to promote research and development
of biotechnology.
13. Establish linkages with ICGEB, FAO, WHO,
UNESCO, CGIAR, COBIOTECH and IPGRI.
14. Establishment of venture capital, attractive
tax incentives and financial assistance to
qualified biotechnology companies.
15. Grant of financial incentives to viable
biotechnology programs.
16. Promotion of technology transfer from
laboratory to land and laboratory to
industrial production.
17. Conservation and promotion of indigenous
biotechnology.
18.Develop a national biosafety system
to monitor and regulate genetically
modified organisms.
19. Design of patent law and
intellectual property rights.
POSSIBLE ROLE OF BINASIA
• A SERIOUS CONSTRAINT
LACK OF INFORMATION ON BIOTECHS
• NO INSTITUTION CAPABLE OF
INFORMATION COLLECTION
RETRIEVAL & DISSEMINATION
* SO RELIES ON INDUSTRIALISED
COUNTRIES FOR SPECIALIZED
INFORMATION
SOLUTION TO
INFORMATION SHORTAGE
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to conduct a thorough literature search on the
existing information, which should then be stored in
the institutes having the capability to manage
information and make it easily accessible to
biotechnology researchers.
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to set up a biotechnology information centre and
establish a computer link with institutions in the
industrialized countries. However this depends on the
willingness of the institutions in the North to share
their biotechnological information with those in the
South.
PIVOTAL ROLE OF BINASIA
BINASIA PORTAL
*OBJECTIVES
*ACTIVITIES
*R & D COMPONENT
*PUBLICATIONS WITH FULL TEXT
*BIOTECH INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTS
*DISCUSSION FORUM OF BINASIA
*MAILING LIST