Transcript Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

Current developments in SDIs
an overview
Ian Masser
Presentation
 Four
parts
– What is a SDI?
– The SDI phenomenon
– A global overview of SDIs
– Emerging trends
Part I What is a SDI?

The GSDI definition
– “The
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
supports ready global access to geographic
information. This is achieved through the
coordinated actions of nations and
organisations that promote awareness and
implementation of complimentary policies,
common standards and effective mechanisms
for the development and availability of
interoperable digital geographic data and
technologies to support decision making at all
scales for multiple purposes.”
Four main components
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Overriding objective to maximise the use of
national geographic information assets
This requires some form of coordinated
action on the part of government
It must be user driven ‘to support decision
making at all scales for multiple purposes’
This involves a wide range of activities
including technical and institutional matters
and human resource development
Part 2 The diffusion of SDIs
My paper on the first generation of SDIs
compared 11 NSDIs that were
operational in 1996
 Harlan Onsrud’s survey for the GSDI
listed 48 responses from countries that
were considering SDIs in 2000
 Joep Crompvoets claims that 120
countries are considering SDIs – ie
more than half the countries in the world

Onsrud’s survey findings
 48
countries reported SDI progress
between 1998 and 2000
 Geographical spread
– Europe - 13
– Americas - 21
– Asia and the Pacific - 13
– Africa - 1
A SDI phenomenon?
These survey findings suggest that a
critical mass of SDI users has been built
up throughout the world
 A product of the last ten years
 Needs a word of caution
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– Considering not necessarily doing
– Doing not necessarily everything
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But a phenomenon nevertheless
Part 3 A global overview of SDIs
Europe
 The Americas
 Asia and the Pacific
 Africa
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Note –sources vary and some players
omitted
Europe
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Distinction between Western and Eastern
European countries in terms of wealth
Proliferation of studies of SDIs linked to
European Commission concerns
SDIs classified into
– National data producer led
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Users involved versus no users involved
– Non national data producer led
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Formal mandate versus no formal mandate
SDI State of play in Europe in spring 2003
National Data Producer led
Users involved
Operational
Partially operational
Not operational
Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
Austria, Czech Republic, Poland
Greece, Luxembourg
Users not involved
Operational
Partially operational
Not operational
Slovenia
Lithuania
Estonia, Latvia, Malta, Slovakia
Not National Data Producer led
Formal mandate
Operational
Partially operational
Not operational
Belgium (Flanders), Germany, Portugal, Switzerland
Ireland, Italy
None
No formal mandate
Operational
Partially operational
Not operational
Netherlands, United Kingdom
Belgium (Wallonia)
Spain, France
The Americas
Distinction between Northern and
Southern America (and Caribbean) in
terms of wealth and resources
 SDIs classified according to

– Countries with a formal mandate
– Countries with no formal mandate
Status of SDI in the Americas in 2000
Countries with
formal mandate
Countries without
formal mandate
Argentina
Cuba
Guatemala
Mexico
Dominican Republic
USA
Brazil
Bolivia
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Panama
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia and the Pacific
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The largest and most diverse region of all
– In terms of wealth
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Rich countries - Australia, Japan and Korea
Poor countries - Nepal
– In terms of size
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Very large countries – China and India
Very small countries – island countries in the Indian and
Pacific oceans
Difficult to make generalisations
Mapping agencies in Asia and Pacific countries
Australia
Hong Kong
Islamic Republic of Iran
Japan
Kiribati
Laos
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
New Zealand
Republic of Palau
Peoples Republic of China
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Tuvalu
Geoscience Australia
Survey and Mapping Office, Land
Department
National Cartographic Centre
Geographic Survey Institute
Land Management Division
National Geographic Department
Direcao dos servicos da Cartografia e
Cadastre
Department of Survey and Mapping
Ministry of Construction and Public Works
State Administration of Geodesy &
Cartography
Survey Department
Land Information New Zealand (LINZ)
Bureau of Lands and Surveys
State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping
Survey Department
Survey & Mapping department
Lands and Survey department
Africa
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Distinction between north and sub saharan
countries
Latter includes some of world’s poorest
countries
Strong environmental/regional dimension
Problems of political support
Reflected in funding – role of international
donor agencies
SDI initiatives in Africa in 2003
Algeria
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
National Council for Geographic Information
Environmental Information and Monitoring System
National GIS Coordination Committee
Programme National de Gestion de L'Information sur le Milieu
Ethiopian Spatial Data Infrastructure
National Framework for Geospatial Information in Ghana
National Committee for Remote Sensing and Geog. Inf.
National Spatial Data Infrastructure
Committee on Environmental Data Management
Association Réseau Système d'Information sur l'Environnement
Malawi Geographical Information Council
Le Conseil interministériel d'information géographique
Environmental Monitoring and Indicators Network
National Geospatial Information Infrastructure
Groupe de Travail Inter-institutionnel
National Spatial Information Framework
National GIS Interim Steering Committee
Togo Geodata
Schéma national de géomatique
Uganda Spatial Data Infrastructure
Environmental Information Network and Monitoring System
Common elements
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Co-ordination
– Given the large number of data sets produced by
different producers at different times for different
purposes
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Core data sets
– Given the need for a common framework of core
reference data sets
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Metadata
– Given the need to be able to find out what data
exists and what format is used and what is its
currency
Similar driving forces
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Growing importance of geographic
information within an information society
The need for governments to coordinate
data acquisition and availability
– ‘GI is crucial to promote economic development, improve
our stewardship of resources and to protect the
environment’(Clinton Executive Order)
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Other factors
– Opportunities created by recent technological
developments eg WWW and LBS
– Modernising government - eGovernment
Differences in the institutional
context
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Variations in size and population
– US 1000 times the size of Qatar
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Differences in wealth
– Both developed and less developed countries
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Contrasting systems of government
– Federal systems with varying degrees of
devolution of responsibilities for GI
– Non federal systems where most of GI
responsibilities dealt with centrally
Differences in approach
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National data producer led
– Degree of user involvement – central
government (USA), public sector
(Australia), multi sector (Canada)
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Non national data producer led
– Need for formal mandate - Chile and the
USA. India and South Africa?
– Outgrowth of existing coordination
activities - Australia and the Netherlands
Part 4 Major trends
The second generation of SDIs began
around 2000
 Two main features
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– Important shifts in emphasis within SDI
development
– The emergence of a global to local
hierarchy of SDIs
Shifts in SDI development
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Shift from product to process model
– From data producers to data users
– From database creation to data sharing
– From centralised to decentralised structures
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Shift from formulation to implementation
– From coordination to governance
– From single to multi level participation
– From existing to new organisational structures
A hierarchy of SDIs
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Global and regional SDIs
– Global and regional forums for collaboration and
the exchange of ideas and experiences
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National SDIs
– Strategic initiatives concerned with the
management of national information assets
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Local SDIs
– Municipal and provincial initiatives concerned with
the operational needs of day to day decision
making
Achievements so far
The creation of a critical mass of users
 Process of regional and global
institution building complete
 Growing body of SDI related literature
and research
 First major intergovernmental initiative
– EU INSPIRE draft Directive published July 2004
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