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W
Unit 6 What Animal Really
Think?

Many
researchers
believe that
chimps are able
to see
themselves in
relation to others
in their groups.
Some birds have the capacity to recognize,
count, or name different objects
dolphin is catching the ball
below
elephants painting (L)
and being trained (R)
What is intelligence?

The power of perceiving, learning,
understanding and knowing; mental ability
Cf. feat
 sth. difficult needing a lot of skill, strength,
bravery, etc. to achieve it
 eg.The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of
engineering.

Why do people have great interest in
animal intelligence?
--to learn
about the origins of
human's unique intelligence by
studying the mental processes of
lower species
Why do people have great interest in
animal intelligence?
--to understand how humans
became smart we need to learn in
other animals and how they may
have led to our development of art,
religion or mathematics
--also, to distinguish animal learning
processes from human
Warm-up Questions
 Which
of the following animals do
you think is the most intelligent?
Rank them in order and find out
examples of their intelligence.
 pig, hen, dog, dolphin, elephant,
monkey, rat, parrot, cat, ant
Questions based on the text

According to the author, what is the
better way to explore animal
intelligence?

What is the author’s view about animal
intelligence? Do you agree?
Main idea
 Some
animals do have
intelligence (seem capable of
thinking) when it is in their own
interests (it serves their own
purpose).
Type of writing and skills
 Exposition
 With 3 supporting examples by using
subheading
 Transitional sentences and words
 Anaphora (the use of pronouns to
refer to sth./sb. or event previously
mentioned前指 )
Controversy question
"Are animals intelligent?"
--a discussion about whether it is
meaningful to speak of animals as
"intelligent" at all
--or whether animal behavior should
instead be thought of as a series of
unthinking mechanical responses to
stimuli that originate in the animal's
internal or external environments
.
 --because
we think only humans
are capable of conscious thought
and flexible responding
Cultural Notes
Gorilla大猩猩
--largest of the great apes and one of the
closest living relatives of the human
species
--members of the primate order
--has formidable teeth, no natural
enemies, usu. walk on fours but
occasionally upright
--many accounts of the gorilla have
portrayed a ferocious凶猛的 , powerful
beast prone to attacking people
--Only after 1960 did evidence
emerge, from the field studies of
American zoologists George B.
Schaller and Dian Fossey, that the
gorilla is a relatively gentle
vegetarian who attacks only if
directly threatened.
orangutan猩猩
orangutan猩猩
 --largest
fruit eater in the world
 -- known for their intelligence and
their long arms, reddish-brown
hair and small eyes and ears
 --the coat is coarse, long and
shaggy浓密而不整齐
 Native
to Indonesia and Malaysia,
they are currently found only in
rainforests on the islands of
Borneo婆罗洲 and Sumatra苏门答
腊岛 , though fossils have been
found in Java爪哇 , Vietnam and
China.
Chimpanzee黑猩猩
Chimpanzee
-- inhabits the rain forests and
woodland savannas(亚)热带的稀树大
草原 of equatorial Africa, the closest
living relative to humans
 -- 3 – 5.5 ft (1 – 1.7 m) tall when
standing upright, weigh 70 – 130 lbs
(32 – 60 kg), with a brown or black
coat and a bare face ranging in color
from nearly white to black

-- do most of their feeding in the trees,
swinging from branch to branch; usually
on the ground; eat mostly fruits, berries,
leaves, and seeds, some termites白蚁
and ants
 -- capable of problem solving, tool use,
and deceit ; highly social and live in
flexible groups (15 – 100 or more
members)
 -- In the wild they live about 45 years, in
captivity more than 50.

Language Points
lack: n. the state or fact
not having sth.
eg: Her only problem is lack of
confidence. /lack of money/experience
最后那人因为缺少证据而被释放。（T）
In the end, the man was released for
lack of proof.
v. not having sth. /not have enough
of it
eg: I lack the energy that’s required
to look after children.
我好像什么都不缺。（T）
I don't seem to lack anything.
encounter: (fml) meet, esp.
unexpectedly
eg: She encountered an old friend on
the street.
Before they had gone very far, they
encountered a young man selling
oranges.
blank: carrying no information or mark; empty or
clear
eg: There is a blank space at the bottom of the form
for you to sign your name in.
I never know what Jayne’s thinking – she has
such a blank expression.
reveal: make (sth.) known
eg: The details of the new policy for medical
insurance have been revealed.
His research in cloning "Dolly" revealed some
very important facts.
A survey of the Chinese diet has revealed that a
growing number of children in cities are
overweight.
convince: make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument
or evidence
eg: His parents managed to convince him that
teaching was the most suitable profession for him.
We finally convinced the police of our innocence.
(be convinced: feel certain that sth. is true)
eg: I was convinced that we were doing the right
thing.
make a deal: reach an agreement
or arrangement esp. in business or
politics
eg: I'll make a deal with you -- you wash
the car and I'll let you use it tonight.
The car company has made a deal
with a Japanese firm, which will supply
engines in exchange for brakes.
only to (do sth.): often used to indicate
that sb. did sth. with a disappointing or
surprising result. “to” functions as result
adverbial
eg: He hurried to the railway station,
only to find that the train had left.
他曾试图邀请她出去，可她反应冷淡。（T）
He had once tried inviting her out, only
to meet with a rather cool response.
figure out: understand; reason out
eg: I can't figure out why he quit his well-paid
job to undertake such tedious work.
I can't figure her out; one minute she's
happy, the next, sad.
It took me 2 hours to figure out how to
start the new washing-machine.
extend: make sth. longer or larger (in
space or time); offer or give sth. (n.
extension)
 eg.
Can you extend your visit for a
few days longer?
 They extend a warm welcome to her.
 Let me extend an offer of help to you.
 Cf. extend and expand (L.29/31)
expand: cause sth. to become greater in
size, number or importance; spread out
(n. expansion)
eg. Our foreign trade has expanded
greatly in recent years.
 The population of the town expanded
rapidly in the 1960s.
 His face expanded in a smile of
welcome.

expend: spend/use money in doing sth.
(time or energy) (n. expense)
 eg.
The students expended an
extraordinary amount of time on
the science project.
 Susan expended a great deal of
energy while exercising.
in sb's interest(s): for or to sb.'s
advantage
eg: It would be in your interests to undertake
this task although it's difficult.
The local government has to abandon the
plan for a new chemical plant because it is
not in the public interest. （T）
(in the interest(s) of sth.: for the sake of sth.)
eg: In the interests of safety, please do not
smoke.
go far: help very much; achieve much
success
eg: Your suggestion will go far towards
solving our present housing problem.
Jane's a very talented writer -- she'll
go far.
go wrong: stop developing well
eg: Everything went wrong with my
computer after I installed that new
program.
I didn't watch the live opening ceremony
of the World Cup yesterday because my
television went wrong again.
assess :对...进行估价,评价 to judge or
decide the amount, value, quality or
importance of sth.
eg. Damages of the flood were
assessed at 1000 RMB.
 Examinations are not the only means
of assessing a student's ability.
 We need to assess whether the
project is worth doing.
 Cf. size up

thrive: to grow, develop healthy or
be successful
eg: My garden is too dry and shady– not
many plants thrive in those condition.
His business thrived in the years
before the war.
房地产现在发展迅速。（T）
The real estate business is thriving.
size up: carefully examine a situation or
person in order to make a judgment
eg: I don't like the way the sales assistants
in that shop size you up as you walk
through the door.
Some manufacturers have been
sizing up some African countries as a
possible market for their motorcycles.
I felt insulted by the way my father
sized up my boyfriend.
inaccessible: very difficult to travel to or
difficult to understand or appreciate
eg: Some of the house on the hillside are
inaccessible to cars.
I found his lecture completely
inaccessible—I could not understand a
word of it.
Why is opera so inaccessible to
so many people?
access :n [U] the method or possibility
of approaching a place or person, or the
right to use or look at something
 eg.
The only access to the village
is by boat.
 The tax inspector had/gained
complete access to the company
files.

 v.
[T] open a computer file in
order to look at or change
information in it [电脑]取出(资料);使
用
accessible : a.1) able to be reached or
easily obtained; 2) easy to understand
 eg. The resort is easily accessible by road,
rail and air.
 The problem with some of these drugs is
that they are so very accessible. (T)
 Covent Garden has made some attempt to
make opera accessible to a wider public.
 Cf. estimate
 to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of
something