Transcript Федеральное космическое агентство Росс

Федеральное космическое
агентство России
Russian Federal Space
Agency (Roscosmos)
Tracey Melville
March 11, 2010
The agenda…
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Review Soviet program
Roscosmos
International cooperation
Past missions
Current missions
Future missions
Launch Capabilities
Soviet Program
October 4, 1957- Sputnik 1 launched as first man-made satellite to
be put into Earth’s orbit
November 3, 1957- Sputnik 2
launched with dog Laika aboard
February 12, 1961- Venera-1 launched
towards Venus
April 12, 1961- Yuri Gagarin first
human in space
July 16, 1965-first Proton rocket carrying
Proton-1 spacecraft launched
June 14, 1967- Venera-4, first probe to enter atmosphere of Venus
launched. Later 7, 9 send back info and photos of surface
Soviet Program
April 19, 1970s- First space station
Salyut-1-7. Broke many
spaceflight records, including
several mission duration records,
the first ever orbital handover of a
space station from one crew to
another, and various spacewalk
records
February 20, 1986- Core module of
Mir launched (construction
completed in 1996. In operated
until 2001)
December 1990- Soviet Union
officially dissolved
Russian Federal Space Agency/
Roscosmos
• Formally the Russian Aviation and Space Agency
(Rosaviacosmos)
• Formed by Boris Yeltsin on January 25th 1992
• Director- Anatoly N. Perminov
• Budget for 2006 was as high as 25 billion rubles (900
million USD). Over the next ten years it shall increase
5-10% a year (NASA $18.7)
• In addition to the budget, about 130 billion rubles
(aprox. 4.5 billion USD) flowing in but other means,
such as industry investments and commercial space
launches
Locations
• Headquarters in Moscow
• Main Mission Control in near-by Korolev
• Cosmonaut Trainings Training Center
(GCTC) in Star City
• Baikonur Cosmodrome in Khazakstan
– Manned and un-manned launches
• Pelsetsk Cosmodrome in north Russia
– Primarily unmanned flights of military
designation
What do Roscosmos do?
Besides the obvious stuff…
• Organizes
– Utilization of technologies for the benefit of the
Program
– Certification of the technologies for scientific and
socioeconomic uses
– Activities under commercial space projects and
promotes these projects
– Joins with the Defense Ministry in launches,
research, etc.
Roscosmos
International Cooperation
• Intergovernmental agreement with more than 19
states including the USA, Japan, India, Brasilia,
Sweden, Argentina and the member-states of the
European Space Agency (ESA)
• Commercial launch services represent one of the
most competitive areas of Russian activities.
– Marketed by the joint ventures of Russian and its
foreign partners
• “ILS” (Russia-USA)
• “STARSEM” and “EUROCKOT” (Russia-EU)
• GLONASS-Global Navigation Satellite System
restored in 2009 with the Indian gov. as partner
Future missions/projects
On the origin and evolution of the universe:
• 2010-“Radioastrom” and “Intn’l space observatory/ultraviolet”observatory looking at radio-astrophysical observations of
extragalactic objects as well as characteristics of NE and
interplanetary plasma, processes happening inside objects
• 2013-”Gamma-400”- “dark material”
• 2016- “Millimetron”- global structure and evolution of the
universe
Planetary
• “Phobos-Grunt”-bring back satellite with Mars matter sample
• Venera-D to be launched in 2013 and arrive at Venus in 2014
with orbiter, 2 balloons and lander
Sun Study
• 2012-“Resonans”-Results of the control of man-caused impacts
on Earth magnetosphere and geophysical processes
ROCKETS
Launch Capabilities
small- class launch vehicles
Kosmos 3M
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Based on Soviet era Yangel R-14 IRBM
Places satellites in low-Earth orbit
$10 mil
Rockot
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used for small commercial and government payloads
European access
$13-15 mil
START-1
• commercially available launch vehicle for small payloads
• $9 mil
Strela
• Similar to the Rockot, but has fewer modifications
Launch Capabilities
medium-class launch vehicles
Dnepr
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Orbital launch vehicle
$17.5 per launch
Soyuz
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The R-7 Semyorka ICBM was
the rocket that launched Spunik
1 into orbit
Eventually variants launched
Yuri Gagarin into orbit in the
two-seater Voskhod spacecraft
Makes two trips to the ISS every
year
Launches payloads for
commercial customers
$40mil per launch
Launch Capabilities
heavy-class launch vehicles
Proton
• Originally intended to take men to the
moon
• Has evolved to become the “heavy-life
work horse” for Russia
• Has been used to send payloads to the
planets and components to the ISS
• Recent main role has been to send
Russian government payloads and
commercial communication satellites
into geosynchronous orbit (GEO)
• Sold through an independent firm that
was once a joint venture between
Lockheed Martin and Khrunichev
• Launched from Baikonur
• $70mil per launch
Launch Capabilities
heavy-class launch vehicles
Zenit
• Originally designed to
supplement the massive
Energia (manufacturer of
manned space craft) launch
system in the late 1980s and
serve as a stand-alone vehicle
• Government and commercial
versions
• $70mil for a commercial launch
And Next…
Angara
• Uses liquid oxygen/hydrogen fuel!
• Small to heavy class
• Will eventually be able to carry a payload of 30 metric
tons into orbit, doubling the payload capacity of the
Proton (space shuttle payload 27 tons)
• The Angara-7 was conceived specifically to support
manned missions to Mars and lunar exploration
Mikron
• Designed by the Moscow Aviation Institute
• Engines will use liquid oxygen and a butyl rubber
derivative!
• Will be launched from beneath a MiG-31 fighter at an
altitude of 21,000 meters
• Carry small satellites into orbit
• But little information since 2003, so it might be
scrapped
Plans for manned
space flight and
exploration
The 2009 Moscow
Aviation and Space
Show featured a
multi-element
Interplanetary
Expeditionary
Complex, MEK,
which would enable
manned missions to
Mars and beyond.
According to the
plan, lunar
exploration would
have lower priority
than expedition to
Mars. Travel would
use Angara rockets
and a Prospective
Piloted Transport
System.
Sources
Rocosmos home page:
<http://www.roscosmos.ru/main>
Russian Space Web:
<http://www.russianspaceweb.com/>
Secure World Foundation:
<http://www.secureworldfoundation.org/i
ndex.php?id=139&page=Russia_Launc
h>