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TURKEY
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Boundaries
Geographically, Turkey is the most western part of Asia, consisting
of massive and high Anatolian peninsula that separates the Black
Sea from the Aegean and the eastern Mediterranean. Some islands
of the Aegean and the basins of the Sea of Marmara belong to the
Turkish territory. Turkey is bordered to the north by the Black Sea,
to the north-east by Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria, to the south by Iraq, Syria and the
Mediterranean Sea, to south-east by Iran and to the west by the
Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
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Turkey
Turkey extends over an area of 783,562 km ², and has got
74,724,269 inhabitants, mostly professing the Muslim religion,
there are small Christian minorities (especially the Orthodox, but
also Catholic ) and Jewish, while not widespread is atheism.
The capital is Ankara, one of the three big cities of Turkey with İzmir
and İstanbul, the latter is the largest city in the country, and the
largest industrial and commercial centre.
The official language is Turkish, but there are numerous linguistic
minorities.
The official currency is the Turkish lira.
Istanbul
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Government
Turkey has been a parliamentary republic since its founding
in 1923 and was one of the first countries to grant to its
citizens universal suffrage.
The current unicameral legislative system came into effect
with the constitution of 1982.
The President of the Republic of Turkey is Abdullah Gül .
The prime minister is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
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In recent years, legislative and political structure of the Turkish Republic has been
subject to reforms and restructuring in order to achieve the objectives required by the
European Union within the framework of the pre-accession countries. During the
twenties and thirties of the twentieth century, the policy of Atatürk carried out a
process of secularization, which could suppress the control of the Islamic religion by
the State. The process of repression has enabled strong Westernisation of costumes,
such as the banning of headscarves, and has led to a form of Islam called moderate .
Barack Obama addresses
Turkish Parliament
I.T.T. «Marco Polo» – Palermo - Italy
Economy
Turkey has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms by
reducing government controls on foreign trade and investment and the
liberalization of many sectors to private and foreign participation.
Tourism in Turkey has experienced rapid growth in the last twenty years, and
constitutes an important part of the economy. Other key sectors of the Turkish
economy are banking, construction, home appliances, electronics, textiles, oil
refining, petrochemical products, food, mining, iron and steel and machine
industry.
I.T.T. «Marco Polo» – Palermo - Italy
I.T.T. «Marco Polo» – Palermo - Italy
ISTANBUL
Istanbul has a population
12,782,960 inhabitants.
of
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Istanbul is a megacity located in
the north-west of the country,
which extends along the
Bosphorus.
Istanbul was called Byzantium and
later Constantinople.
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ANKARA
Ankara, formerly Angora also in
Italian, is the capital of Turkey,
with a population of over 4.4
million inhabitants. It is the
second largest Turkish city after
Istanbul.
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SMYRNE
Smyrne is a city of 3.5 million inhabitants of the westcentral Turkey, the
country's third most populous after Istanbul and Ankara. It is also a large
and efficient port located on the Gulf in the Aegean Sea. Izmir is one of
the places that are competing for the honour of being the birthplace of
the legendary poet Homer.
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Ancient Region of Anatolia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central
Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time
of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported
as occupying the whole region from Mount
Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea).
Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the
south by the chain of the Taurus Mountains that
separate it from Cilicia, to the east by the upper
Euphrates. The name was traditionally used in
Christian sources throughout history and is still
used as an international tourism concept to
define a region of exceptional natural wonders,
in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and
a unique historical and cultural heritage.
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CUSTOMS AND COSTUMES
The popular traditions and
customs in Turkey are very
rich and still survive thanks to
the natural characteristics of
Turkish people living outside
big cities.
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Folk dance in Turkey is
very lively and varied.
Each region has its
characteristic dance
with particular
costumes, steps,
rhythms and
instruments. The dance
of each region reflects
the characteristics of
the people of that
region. There are
special dances for
weddings and harvest .
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Cuisine
Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman
cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and
refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern and
Balkan cuisines. Turkish cuisine has in turn
influenced other neighbouring cuisines, including
those of western Europe. The Ottomans fused
various culinary traditions of their realm with
influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with
traditional Turkish elements from Central Asia (such
as yogurt) . Turkish cuisine varies across the
country.
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A specialty's name sometimes includes that of a
city or region, either in or outside Turkey, and
may refer to the specific technique or ingredients
used in that area.
(For example, the difference between urfa kebab
and adana kebab is the thickness of the skewer
and the amount of hot pepper that kebab
contains. Urfa kebab is less spicy and thicker than
adana kbab.)
I.T.T. «Marco Polo» – Palermo - Italy