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Strengthening PRIs through Water Quality
and Sanitary Surveillance
A Case Study of Nanital District, Uttarakhand
Dr. ANIL KUMAR MISHRA
Consultant
Key Resource Center, WATSAN
National Institute of Administrative Research ,LBSNAA ,Mussoorie ,India
[email protected]
COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER
SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION
(CLAWSES)
A water quality programe with community postachievement reward scheme, piloted in DHARI Block of
Nainital District, Uttarakhand province of India.
COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER
SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION
(CLAWSES)
CLAWSES is an Inter Personal Communication based
innovative
approach
to
promote
community
involvement in National Rural Drinking Water Quality
Monitoring & Surveillance Program
OBJECTIVES
 To develop participatory community water
quality monitoring
 To facilitate community analysis of all drinking
water sources
 To trigger collective realization of water source
risks
 To bring awareness of water treatment,
handling, usage and management practices
CLAWSES: Methodology
 Introduction & rapport building
 Mapping (“3 D”) Drinking water sources, Defecation practices and
Calculation of shit and expenses on diseases (medical expenses on
water borne)
 Demonstrations (Sanitary Survey, H2S vials and FTK)
 Sanitary survey and Bacteriological testing of all drinking water
sources
 Sharing of results and development of remedial action plan
 Facilitators follow up visit
 Follow up visit include facilitating collection of O & M funds for
Water Quality Monitoring System
LINKAGES
COMMUNITY
CLAWSES
HEALTH
VWSC
School Teacher/
Govt. official/
Elected Local Leader
OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES
 Communities in 32 of 35 GPs assessed the risks with
a sanitary survey and tested all 341 water sources for
water quality
 14 of 32 GPs repeated H2S tests during monsoon
 7 GPs undertook water testing a third time
 10 GPs self-declared open defecation free status
 In communities facing water scarcity, children began
bringing water to use in school toilet
OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti…
 Communities survey and bacteriological test all water
sources
 Reward creates competition among communities
 CLAWSES empowers communities to tackle poor
water quality and open defecation
 Awareness increases on water borne diseases and
source protection.
 Health and dignity become primary
 Financial issues become secondary
 Natural leaders emerge during the
OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti…
 After CLAWSES, village solidarity increases
 Follow-up with natural leaders is critical
 Self-motivated villagers can facilitate CLAWSES
 32 of 35 GPs have formed committees
 Every family in 32 of 35 GPs is contributing Rs 5 per
month for O&M.
 Communities are ensuring sustainability without
external support
 Results of CLAWSES are encouraging and could be
replicated
Gram Panchayat-wise information of water sources with their risk levels as per sanitary surveys conducted during
February-July 2009 by respective communities in Gram Panchayats of Blocks Dhari, Uttarakhand, India
S.N.
Gram Panchayat
No. of
Sources
Water Risk of water sources based on No.
of
water
Sanitary Survey
sample
found
unsafe
for
drinking in 1st
time testing
Very
High
High
No.
No.
No.
Medium
No.
of
water
samples
found
unsafe
for
drinking in 2nd
time testing
Low
No.
No.
No.
No.
1.
Dinni Malli
10
-
1
4
5
7
1
2.
Gunialake
4
-
-
1
3
3
-
3.
Majuli
6
-
1
3
2
4
-
4.
Saliakot malia
9
-
1
5
3
2
-
5.
Jalnilpahri
6
-
-
2
4
4
-
6.
Silalake
12
-
2
8
2
5
1
7.
Devnagar
45
-
8
24
13
32
1
8.
Sunkia
8
-
1
3
4
5
1
9.
Parvada
10
0
0
0
-
6
2
10.
Kaul
9
-
-
-
9
5
-
11.
Sakdina
14
-
2
3
9
6
-
12.
Saliakot talla
5
-
1
2
2
4
-
13.
Maghera
10
-
3
3
4
2
3
15.
Latfoda
5
-
-
2
3
2
-
16.
Buranshi
5
-
-
2
3
2
-
17.
Dudli
8
-
-
6
2
3
-
18.
Babyad
11
-
2
4
5
19.
Aghria
9
-
1
3
5
20.
Panyali
9
-
-
3
6
21.
10
-
1
4
5
22.
Harinagar
Aksoda
Budibana
17
2
-
3
12
23.
Dhanachulli
16
-
6
10
-
24.
Sasbani
6
-
5
-
1
25.
Managher
15
4
1
10
-
26.
Kokilbana
4
-
1
2
1
1
-
27.
Sunderkhal
21
-
3
14
4
4
1
28.
Gajjar
5
1
1
1
2
2
-
29.
Chakhuta
9
-
2
2
5
5
-
30.
Aksoda
17
-
1
5
11
14
-
31.
Dinitalla
5
-
-
-
-
3
-
32.
Sarna
8
-
-
6
2
5
=
Total
341
7
45
143
131
182
16
Evaluation Criteria
 GPs are invited to apply for a performance – based
reward. Qualifying GPs plead their case to evaluation
committees.
 Evaluation Committee then visits and score
listed GPs physically verifying
outcomes on a 100 point scale.
and
short
evaluating
 Evaluation Criteria includes chemical testing of water
sources, save usage & handling of water, personal
hygiene and hand washing, solid waste management,
elimination of OD, communities contribution etc.
Evaluation of shortlisted GPs by the evaluation team (7-21 December 2009)
Marks obtained by the GPs are given in the table
S.N.
Name of shortlisted GP
Marks obtained against maximum marks of 100
1.
Sunderkhal
86
2.
Devnagar
79
3.
Sasbani
75
4.
Managher
72
5.
Guniallake
58
6.
Dhanachuli
54
7.
Mehtoliagaon
48
8.
Kokilbana
44
9.
Budibana
45
10.
Parvada
44
11.
Majuli
41
12.
Maghera
37
13.
Dudli
30
14.
Dini tali
36
15.
Babiyad
44
Rewards
 After evaluation four prizes was distributed among the
top performing four GPs.
Ist Prize -
Rs. 70,000/-
IInd Prize -
Rs. 60,000/-
IIIrd Prize
-
Rs. 50,000/-
Highlights of the Program
 Community Empowerment: Community are able to
conduct Sanitary Survey and bacteriological testing of
water sources (using the H2S vials, on their own.
 Competitive Spirit Building: Launch of reward scheme
creates a spirit of competition among members of
local self-government to institutionalize water quality
surveillance in villages
 Enhanced community level governance: CLAWSES
methodology is empowering process that helps
communities tackle issues of poor water quality and
open defecation
Acknowledgement
 World Bank India, DDWS Government of India,
District Project Management Unit Bhimtal,
Knowledge Links, UNICEF – India,
 Director, UAOA, Nanital
 Deputy Director ((Training) UAOA, Nanital
 Director PMU, Swajal Project, Dehradun
Thanks