Transcript Survey of bacteria
Survey of bacteria
Planctobacteria Cyanobacteria Proteobacteria
Endobacteria Actinobacteria Togobacteria
Composed by Bas Kooijman
Heliobacteria Spirochaetae Hadobacteria
Korarchaeota Crenarchaeota Thaumarchaeota Nanoarchaeota Euryarchaeota
Lipobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between the two membranes; outer membrane of phospholipids acyl ester lipids; lipopolysaccaride absent no flagellar shaft outside membrane
Spirochaeta (Spirochaetae)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Chloroflexus (Chlorobacteria Hadobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Deinococcus (Deinobacteria Hadobacteria)
One cell from a tetrad From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Heliobacteria Heliobacterium modesticaldum Heliorestis
species
Glycobacteria
outer membrane present, usually with murein wall between the two membranes; phospholipids in inner leaflet, lipopolysaccharides in outer leaflet acyl ester lipids small recognition RNA (in Proteobacteria) RuBisCo may be present if present, flagella pass through outer membrane
Eurybacteria Selenobacteria Selenomonas, Sporomusa Fusobacteria Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia Fibrobacteria Fibrobacter Selenomonas palpitans
from sheep rumen liquor
Planctomyces (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Gemmata (Planctomycetales)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Poribacteria Bacterial types in the sponge Aplysina aerophoba
1 Long rods with membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane, cell division by septation 2 Short fat rods with membrane-bound nuclear region and electron-dense cytoplasm 3 D-shaped cells with clear membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane 4 Rods with clear membrane-bound nuclear region and gram-negative outer membrane 5 Rods with clear, membrane-bound nuclear region and S-layer-type outer membrane 6 Rods with membrane-bound compartment that is devoid of DNA; the compartment contains most of the RNA, while the DNA is restricted to the cytoplasm; the outer membrane contains budding appendages; there is an unusually wide periplasmic space and a phenotypic resemblance to
G. aurantiaca
Fieseler,L, Horn, M., Wagner, M. and Hentschel1, U. (2004) Discovery of the Novel Candidate Phylum “
Poribacteria
” in Marine Sponges APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
70
: 3724–3732
Anabaena (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
S external layer (slime or sheath) OM outer memebrane PL peptidoglycan layer CM cytoplasmic membrane CW cell wall CY cytoplasma E cell envelope GV gas vesicle N nucleoplasmic region C carboxysome PP polyphosphate granule CP cyanophycin granule GG glycogen granules TH thylakoid PB phycobilisome From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Prochloron (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Pleurocapsa (Phycobacteria Cyanobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Chamaesiphon (Gloeobacteria Cyanobacteria)
A bud enlarges B unequal fission C forming reproductive pole, r From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Nitrobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Azotobacter (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Stigmatella (Proteobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Bdellovibrio (Proteobacteria)
From: Prescott, L.M. et al 1996
Microbiology.
WCB, Dubuque
Caulobacter (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Ancalomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Pedomicrobium (Hyphomicrobia Proteobacteria)
1 mother cell with hyphae and buds 2 young bud 3 mature bud with flagellum 4 swarmer cell 5 young mother cell attached to surface 6 mature mother cell, beginning bud formation From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Myxococcus (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
Leucothrix (Thiobacteria Proteobacteria)
From: Staley, J. T. et al 1989
Bergey’s manual of Systematic bacteriology.
William & Wilkins, Baltimore
Saprospira (Flavobacteria Sphingobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Chlorochromatium (Chlorobibacteria Sphingobacteria)
(= Chlorochromatium) From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Posibacteria
(Gram-positive bacteria plus mycoplasmas, thermotogales) single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane large signal recognition RNA acyl ester lipids; murein widespread
Streptomyces (Actinobacteria)
From: Dworkin, M. 1985
Developmental biology of the bacteria.
Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co, Reading
From: Margulis, L. & Schwartz, K.V. 1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY Prescott, L.M. et al 1996
Microbiology.
WCB, Dubuque
Bacillus (Endobacteria)
Mycoplasmas (Aphragmabacteria Endobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Thermogota (Togobacteria)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Archaebacteria
single cytoplasmic membrane only, no outer membrane large signal recognition RNA isoprenoid ether lipids; murein absent presence of N-linked glycoprotein (as in eukaryotes and some other bacteria)
Nanoarchaeum equitans (Nanoarchaeota)
Found at 90°C in submarin vents Epibiontic on Archaebacterium
Ignicoccus,
which grows anaerobically on S, H 2 , CO 2 and produces H 2 S Intracellular membranes present Diameter 400 m, genome size 0.5 Mbp After: Huber, H., Hohn, M. J., Rschel, R. and others 2002 A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiomt, Nature 417 : 63 - 67
Euryarchaeota Archaeoglobi Halobacteria Methanobacteria Methanococci Methanomicrobia Methanopyri Thermococci Thermoplasmata Methanobacterium
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
Halobacteria
sp. strain NRC-1 each cell about 5 μm long.
Thermoplasma (Thermoplasmata Euryarchaeota)
From: Margulis, L & Schwartz, K.V.
1998
Five kingdoms
.Freeman, NY
(Thaumarchaeota) Cenarchaeales Nitrosopumilales
(Crearchaeota) Acidilobales Desulfurococcales Sulfolobales Thermoproteales
Korarchaeum ( Korarchaeota ) Korarchaeum cryptofilum