Transcript Presentation by:

Moon Landing
Fact or Fiction ?
Presentation by:
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Khaled Mostafa Mansour
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Ahmed Emad Salama
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Yehia El-Ghandour
Things that we should know
about our Moon:
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The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
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The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is
384,403 km.
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The Moon's diameter is a little more than a quarter that of the Earth.
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The Moon makes a complete orbit around the Earth every 27.3 days.
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The pull of gravity of the Moon, at its surface, is about 17 percent that of the
Earth.
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The Moon has to faces (Maria & Terrae ), however we only see Maria because
the Moon keeps nearly one of its faces turned towards the Earth at all times.
How did Moon Landing
happen?
First scientists used artificial objects to study the process of Moon travel.
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The first trip of an artificial object from Earth to Moon was named Luna 1. It
successfully escaped Earth's gravity but didn’t land on Moon.
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Luna 2 was the first to succeed in landing, Luna 3 was the first to succeed in
taking pictures and through 1959 to 1960, Luna 9 successfully had a soft land
on the Moon and Luna 10 was the first to have a vehicle landing on the Moon.
All these exploration of the Moon facilitated the way for the Apollo program to take
place.
Apollo 11
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On July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11, headed by Commander Neil Armstrong, launched from the
Kennedy Space Center.
On July 20, 1969, specifically at 02:56 UTC, Commander Neil Armstrong became the first
man on the Moon.
Astronauts, to walk on the Moon's surface, needed to wear a space suit with portable life
support system controlling the oxygen, temperature and pressure.
The crew spend a total of two and a half hours on the Moon's surface performing a variety
of experiments and collecting soil and rock samples to return to Earth.
Before their launch back to Earth, An American flag was left on the Moon's surface as a
reminder of the accomplishment.
After re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, parachutes opened to safely land into the Pacific
Ocean, the crew were retrieved by a helicopter and taken to the recovery ship where the
crew and lunar samples were placed in quarantine until their health and safety could be
confirmed.
On July 24, 1969, the Apollo 11 had successfully completed its mission.
In later Moon landings, the astronauts used the Lunar Rover vehicle to help explore more
of the Moon's surface.
Moon Rocks
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382 kilograms of Moon rocks was successfully brought back to Earth.
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These samples have been independently analyzed by geologists from all over
the world for more than thirty years.
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The conclusion reached upon these analyses is basically 100% unanimous;
these rocks could not have originated on Earth and must have come from the
Moon.
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The Moon rocks are currently in the possession of NASA
Hypothesis
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Although, on July 1969, NASA stated that they have successfully completed its mission to
be the first to travel to Moon, land on its surface and return back to Earth, many scientists
accuse NASA and possibly members of other involved organizations that some or all
elements of the Apollo Moon landings were faked.
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Some groups and individuals have advanced various theories which tend, to varying
degrees, to include the following common elements:
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The Apollo Astronauts did not land on the Moon.
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NASA and possibly others intentionally deceived the public into believing the landing(s) did occur by
manufacturing, destroying, or tampering with evidence, including photos, telemetry tapes,
transmissions, and rock samples.
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NASA and possibly others continue to actively participate in the conspiracy to this day.
As a result, both sides started presenting their evidence to the public to confirm their claims
(As shown in the following slides).
Raise Hands and Participate
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How many happen to know about that issue?
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What do you believe, Fake or Real ?
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Why would you believe that ?
Accusations claiming that it was
fake!
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Respond supporting that it was real and successful!
Why was the flag wavering on the Moon?
Reason 1
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The astronauts were moving the flag into position, causing motion.
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Since there is no air on the Moon to provide friction, these movements caused
a long-lasting undulating movement seen in the flag.
Reason 2
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There was a rod extending from the top of the flagpole
to hold the flag out for proper display.
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The fabric's rippled appearance was due to its having
been folded during flight and gave it an appearance
which could be mistaken for motion in a still photograph.
How can they make footprints on a solid dry
ground?
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If you take some dry fine-grained dust and dump it out, it's easy to make tracks
in it that hold their shape.
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The particles hold their positions due to the friction between them.
Why are their multiple-angle shadows in the Moon
photos? It looks like there was more than one
source of light, like a large studio lamp.
Reason 1
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In Moon there is no atmosphere and so the Sun radiation doesn’t spread well.
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Consequently, astronauts have got with them many light resources (such as
lamps) in order to help them lightening the parts they are standing on and this
has resulted in the multiple angle shadows.
Reason 2
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The astronauts were taking their photos on a hilly,
brightly-lit landscape while the Sun was close to
the horizon.
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The shape of the ground would produce shadows
of many different lengths.
Why stars are missing from the photographs
when space is littered with them?
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If you've ever taken a photograph outside at night you'll notice that faint distant
objects don't show up.
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It's because the brightness of the nearby objects washes out the film .
Additional Anti-Hoax claims
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The Apollo 11 mission left a laser reflector at its landing site. This reflector has
been used ever since, to enable anyone with the correct equipment to measure
things such as the exact distance to the Moon.
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The Russians were watching the USA space program like hawks and analyzing
everything the Americans did. If there was the slightest suggestion that a hoax
was happening, the Russians would have been telling the world about it.
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In January 2004 President Bush announced a new initiative to
return to the Moon by 2020, and called on other nations to
become involved in the project. Why would he invite other
countries to participate if the landings had been faked?
Raise Hands and Participate
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So upon knowing about the accusations and the way it was
justified & based on your personal degree of convincement.
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How many of you think that they might change their opinion
about that issue ? (Supporting the opposite view)
Evaluation
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Any hypothesis that is contradicted by the observable, logical
and scientific facts should be rejected.
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That’s why, we need first to understand the difference between
science and bad science.
What is Science & Bad Science ?
You should know first that true scientists should be self-critical, trying to disprove
their hypotheses by all available means.
Science
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is generally characterized by careful observations, often aided by tools, devices
and fair and unbiased reports of an observed phenomena.
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It must have a social dimension through which many independent observers
can all make and reproduce the same observations
Bad Science
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usually refers either to substandard scientific methods or to findings that have
been arrived at by misapplications of the tools of science, start with a
predetermined belief and then filter observations so as to try to support that
belief.
Science and Bad science can be objectively measured in terms of efficiency of
knowledge acquisition.
Conclusion
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Upon analyzing both points of views in the light of science and
bad science, it was evident that science had clearly responded
to all claims, using observation, logic and scientific
explanations, that attempted to prove that the Moon landing
was a hoax.
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We have concluded that Moon landing is a true
accomplishment that everyone should praise and admire.
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Indeed, President Kennedy's objective to land men on the
Moon and return them safely to Earth had been accomplished.
The End
Thank You for your time
Sources
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http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/weblog/comments/3453/
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http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/top10apollohoaxes.html
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http://www.kidport.net/RefLib/Science/MoonLanding/MoonLanding.htm
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http://www.dave.co.nz/space/Moon-hoax/overview-nasa.html
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_science