Transcript Horticulture

Horticulture
Exploring A Wonderful Industry!
Please Write the Following
Objectives on your worksheet
• By the end of this unit I will be able to:
– Define horticulture and describe its
relationship to science and technology
– Identify the three major segments of the
horticulture industry
– Identify and define activities included in the
ornamental horticulture industry
Terms to Know
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Botany
Floriculture
Foliage plants
Horticulture
Horticulture industry
Horticulture science
Horticulture technology
Landscape horticulture
Nursery
Olericulture
Ornamental horticulture
Pomology
What is Horticulture?
• Horticulture is the culture of plants for
food, comfort, and beautification purposes
– In Latin, the term horticulture means “garden
culture”
– However, advancements in horticulture
science and technology have helped the field
of horticulture become more than just garden
culture
How Does Horticulture Relate to
Science and Technology?
• The field of science that deals with the
cultivation of horticultural plants is known
as horticulture science
– Botany is the study of plants and their
processes
• What are some plant processes that you are
familiar with?
How Does Horticulture Relate to
Science and Technology?
• As in other areas of agriculture,
technology has found its way into
horticulture
– Horticulture technology is the application of
science to horticulture
– Successfully raising plants takes more than
just a daily watering
• Time, patience, and an understanding of the
scientific processes of plants is needed to grow
beautiful plants and flowers
How Does Horticulture Relate to
Science and Technology?
• The horticulture industry is the
combination of scientific, technological,
and production activities that insure the
satisfaction of the consumer
• Science + Technology + Production =
THE HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY
The Three Major Segments of the
Horticulture Industry
• The growth and use of plants for their
beauty is the area of horticulture known as
ornamental horticulture
– Ornamental horticulture involves the
production and use of flowering and foliage
plants used both indoors and out.
The Three Major Segments of the
Horticulture Industry
• The area of horticulture that involves the
production of vegetable food crops is
olericulture
– Olericulture includes the planting, harvesting,
storing, processing, and marketing of
vegetable crops
– Sweet corn, tomatoes, and lettuce are
examples of vegetable crops
The Three Major Segments of the
Horticulture Industry
• Another food crop production area of
horticulture is pomology
– Pomology is the planting, harvesting, storing,
processing, and marketing of fruit and nut
crops
– Examples of fruit and nut crops include
peaches, strawberries, and walnuts
Different Segments of the
Ornamental Horticulture Industry
• Ornamental horticulture, which is one of
the three segments of the horticulture
industry, can itself be broken down into
two categories
– These are floriculture and landscape
horticulture
– Both involve the use of flowering and foliage
plants
• Foliage plants are those used for their colorful
greenery or leaves
Different Segments of the
Ornamental Horticulture Industry
• Floriculture is the area of horticulture
associated with cut flowers, potted plants,
and annual bedding plants
– Producing, transporting, and using flowering
and foliage plants is known as floriculture
Different Segments of the
Ornamental Horticulture Industry
• Before plants are placed in the landscape,
they are grown and cared for in a nursery
– A nursery is a place which specializes in
starting plants, shrubs, and ornamental trees
which can later be transplanted to landscape
areas
– The production and use of plants to beautify
the environment is landscape horticulture
• Landscape horticulture also includes designing
landscaping plans and landscape maintenance
References
• All information contained in this presentation is
derived from the CD entitled “Utah Agricultural
Education – Nursery & Landscape Management,
Floriculture & Greenhouse Management Lesson
Plans
©2006 Utah State Office of Education: Career and
Technical Education
• Information on the CD and on this presentation
contains materials from CAERT, Inc. lesson plan
library and specifically from the CAERT
Horticulture Lesson Plan Library: Lesson A1-1
Field Grown Cut Flowers
Year-round Production
Field Grown Cut Flower
Year-round production
• Early spring – woody trees, shrubs, vines
and bulbs
• Mid spring – Perennials and biennials
• Summer – Annuals, perennials and woody
• Fall – perennials, woody plants with
berries and decorative fruits
• Winter – woody plants with decorative
stems
Marketing Channels
• Local, niche markets
• Local florists or other retailers
• Direct marketing – farmers’ markets,
bucket shops, pick-your-own, subscription
selling
• Wholesale markets
• Mixture of markets
• Fresh vs. dried product
Site Selection
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Sunny location
Flat land
Well-drained soil
Accessible at all times even after rain
Water for irrigation
Post harvest requirements
Air circulation but protection from
excessive winds
Years ago florists grew their own
product, so there was a great
variety of products.
Now florists are clamoring for
fresh, hard-to-find, hard-to-ship
items.
Production Systems
• Row system wide enough for tiller or
tractor
• 2.5 – 4 foot wide beds with 2 or more rows
of plants within each bed
• Raised beds 2-8 inches
• Mulched to reduce weeds and water loss
• Support provided by plastic mesh and tposts spaced in pairs every 20-30 feet
• Aisles to allow movement between beds
Soil Preparation
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Soil test
Adjust pH
Provide nutrients
Add organic matter
Plant a cover crop
Legume cover crops fix nitrogen
Field Establishment
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Direct sow
Purchase or grow transplants
Bigger plugs are better
Divisions and rooted cuttings
Bulbs, tubers, corms and tuberous roots
Plant Spacing
• Tight = increases yield and profit per
square foot and increase stem length
• but decreases yield per plant and air
circulation
• 4 X 4 to 18 X 18 inches for annuals
• 12 X 12 to 24 X 24 inches for perennials
• 2 to 6 feet for woody shrubs and trees
Other Cultural Needs
• Irrigation with drip tape
• Weed control
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Timing
Hand weeding
Mechanical cultivation
Flame weeding
Herbicides pre and post emergent
Mulches
• Fall and winter preparation
Annual Specialty Cut Flowers
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Ageratum houstonianum ‘Blue Horizon’
Celosia spicata ‘Flamingo Feather’
Centaurea cyanus ‘Polka Dot Mix’
Cosmos bipinnatus ’Early Wonder’
Craspedia globosa
Annual Specialty Cut Flowers
Helianthus annuus ‘ Sunrich Lemon’
Limonium sinuatum ‘Pastel Shades’
Salvia farinacea ‘ Victoria’
Scabiosa atropurpurea ‘Olympian
hybrid’
10. Verbena benariensis
11. Zinnia elegans ‘Ruffles’
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Perennial Specialty Cut Flowers
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Achillea filipendulina ‘Cloth of Gold’
Echinacea purpurea ‘Magnus’
Geum quellyon ‘Mrs. Bradshaw Imp.’
Liatris spicata
Physostegia purpurea