Transcript Slide 1
Introduction to the Microscope Care Parts Focusing 1 Look for the OWL!!! Keep a look out for this owl in one of the slides for a possible reward from your teacher! Area of Focus: Mag nificati on Area of Focus: Mag nificati on Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. . • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. • Magnification: The act of expanding something in apparent size. – The object doesn’t change in size. De-magnification: To make something smaller in appearance. De-magnification: To make something smaller in appearance. De-magnification: To make something smaller in appearance. • How is magnification useful? – In what applications do we use it. • The following slides will show some of the various applications of magnification. • Eyeglasses to help us see. • To help us see smaller things in science class. (Education) • To see the very small (Scientific) • Surgical and medical applications. • Surgical and medical applications. “Hoot” “Hoot” “Did anybody see me hiding.” • Surgical and medical applications. • Crime investigation – Two different bullets shot from the same gun shown below. • Crime investigation – Two different bullets shot from the same gun shown below. • Which of the bills below is counterfeit? • This is the counterfeit bill • Military use. • Space exploration (telescope) • The Movies • Cameras and recording devices. • Magnification works because of light. Without light, you would not be able to see any image, magnified or not. • Activity! Hand Lens – Use a hand lens to practice focusing on a US $1 dollar bill. Record two pictures of neat things that you find. – Try and find the hidden owl. • Picture of microprint on 20$ Bill. • Convex lens: A convex lens bends the light that goes through it toward a focal point. The light spreads out again past this focal point. (Image reverses) e e • Although magnification is possible with only one lens, it also can be achieved by using more than one. • Magnifying lens uses a single lens to magnify the specimen. Focusing can occur by moving the object or your eye. • Types of microscopes, Which microscope should be used to view a bumble bee, living cell, and deep into a dead cell? • Which device should we use to look at the specimen on the left? • The device in the middle, called a stereoscope is used for large objects? • Which device should we use to look at the specimen on the left? • The microscope on the right is a compound light microscope and is used for very small specimens that light can pass through. • This is stereoscopic microscope. • It looks at things in which light cannot pass like a bumble bee. – Lets you see the image in 3D. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • This is stereoscopic microscope. • It looks at things in which light cannot pass like a bumble bee. – Lets you see the image in 3D. • This is stereoscopic microscope. • It looks at things in which light cannot pass like a bumble bee. – Lets you see the image in 3D. • This is a light microscope. – It lets you magnify images that light can pass through. Uses a glass slide and cover slip. • This is a light microscope. – It lets you magnify images that light can pass through. Uses a glass slide and cover slip. • You do not put large objects under a light microscope such a rock, pencil, finger, etc. Specimens need to be incredibly thin and light must pass through. Uses Slides! • This is an electron microscope. It can magnify specimens much smaller than a light, or stereoscope, but doesn’t usually view live cells or specimens. • Scanning electron microscope. Lets you see small specimens in 3-D. • Head of a flea under an electron microscope. • What is this a picture of? Hint, It’s on your homework. • What is this a picture of? Hint, It’s on your homework. • Mascara brush. • Diatom (Protista) Shell made of glass. • Cross section of a leaf. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Clam gills. • Eye of a fruit fly. • Variety of Pollen Grains. • Human hair. QUARTER • Toilet Paper • Electric Guitar String. • Avian Flu Virus. • Nylon stockings. • Microorganisms on a sheet of paper. • Aquatic skin parasites on fish. • Reptile Scales. • Microscopic Spider. • Dust mite. If you are allergic to dust, it is most likely the feces of the dust mite. • Porcupine quill. • Claw of Black Widow Spider • An atomic force microscope lets you see all the way to the atom. Caring for a Microscope • Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue • Make sure it’s on a flat surface • Don’t bang it • Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm and the other on the base 85 • Quiz! Parts of the Microscope. • This is a quiz on something you haven’t been taught! • This is a quiz on something you haven’t been taught. • This is a quiz on something you haven’t been taught. “This is unfair!” • This is a quiz on something you haven’t been taught. – You can get an easy 100% if you use logic. • Please record the following word bank 114 of the terms for the quiz. – – – – – – – – – 1) Base -10) Eyepiece 2) Light Source -11) Arm 3) Body Tube -12) Stage 4) Stage Clips -13) Coarse Adjustment Knob 5) Diaphragm -14) Revolving Nose piece 6) Fine Adjustment knob 7) Low Power Objective Lens 8) Medium Power Lens 9) High Power Lens Body Tube Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Arm Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Arm Stage Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Arm Stage Coarse Adj. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Light Source Arm Stage Coarse Adj. Fine Adj. Eyepiece Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Low Power lens Med Power lens High Power lens Stage Clips Diaphragm Arm Stage Coarse Adj. Fine Adj. Light Source Base Let’s Go Back Over the Parts of the Microscope 1) Eye Piece (ocular) – the lens that you look through 2) Body Tube – the tube that supports the eyepiece 110 Ocular Lens/Eyepiece • Magnifies the specimen image 111 Body Tube • The body tube holds the objective lenses and the ocular lens at the proper distance 112 3) Revolving Nosepiecethe rotating device that holds and changes the objectives (lenses). Revolving AperatureOpening in the stabe to allow light from mirror or light to pass 113 Nose Piece • The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can be turned to increase the magnification 114 Objective Lenses • The Objective Lenses increase magnification (usually from 10x to 40x) 115 4) Low Power Objective – Magnification lens with the lowest power 5) High Power Objective – Magnification lens with the highest power 6) Stage Clips – clips that keep the slide or specimen from moving 116 on the stage 7) Stage – holds the specimen 117 Stage • Supports the slide/specimen 118 Stage Clips • These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage. 119 8) Diaphragmcontrols the amount of light entering through the aperature to the objectivefrom the bottom 120 Diaphragm • The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen Turn to let more light in or to make dimmer. 9) Pivot Pointpart that allows you to tip the ocular toward you Pivot Point Base Mirror 10) Basesupports the microscope 11) Mirror reflects (bends) the light upward onto the slide 122 Base • Supports the microscope 123 Light Source • Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses • Some have lights, others have mirrors where you must move the mirror to reflect light 124 12) Fine Focus Adjustment – moves the body tube in small increments 13) Coarse Focus Adjustmentmoves the body tube in large increments 14) Arm – attaches the eyepiece and the body tube to the base 125 Arm • Used to support the microscope when carried. Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective lenses 126 Coarse Adjustment Knob • Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for focusing your image 127 Fine Adjustment Knob • This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the image 128 • Follow steps to focus using low power • Click the nosepiece to the longest objective • Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob • Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide What can you find on your slide? 129 • When carrying a microscope, carry it by the arm, and have one hand under the base. • Watch out for cords that hang off of the table waiting to be stepped on and pulling the microscope to the ground. – Wrap the cord around arm for storage. • Place the Slide on the Microscope • Use Stage Clips • Click Nosepiece to the lowest (shortest) setting • Look into the Eyepiece • Use the Coarse Focus 132 • Always lower the stage after use so the gears are not strained. – Remove any slide as well. – The finely tuned gears are what make microscopes expensive. • Remember dust cover for proper storage. 135 Calculate Total Magnification Total Magnification = ocular power x objective lens power using Ocular power is generally 10X, meaning it has a magnification or power of 10X 136 137 Elodea 40 x Elodea 100x Elodea 400x 138 Magnification • To determine your magnification…you just multiply the ocular lens by the objective lens • Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400 So the object is 400 times “larger” Objective Lens have their magnification written on them. Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x 139 • The eyepiece lens is 10x –That means it multiplies the object ten times. – Low power is 4x – Medium power is 10x – High power is 40x • The eyepiece lens is 10x –That means it multiplies the object ten times. – Low power is 4x – Medium power is 10x – High power is 40x • The eyepiece lens is 10x –That means it multiplies the object ten times. – Low power is 4x – Medium power is 10x – High power is 40x • The eyepiece lens is 10x –That means it multiplies the object ten times. – Low power is 4x – Medium power is 10x – High power is 40x • How many times larger is an image magnified under low power. 10x times 4x =__________ • 10x times 4x = 40x or forty times larger. • How many times magnified is a specimen when looking at under medium and high power?= – 10x times 10x = ______ – 10x times 40x = ______ • 10x times 4x = 40x or forty times larger. • How many times magnified is a specimen when looking at under medium and high power?= – 10x times 10x = 100x – 10x times 40x = ______ • 10x times 4x = 40x or forty times larger. • How many times magnified is a specimen when looking at under medium and high power?= – 10x times 10x = 100x – 10x times 40x = 400x • 10x times 4x = 40x or forty times larger. • How many times magnified is a specimen when looking at under medium and high power?= – 10x times 10x = 100x – 10x times 40x = 400x • To focus the microscope, place the slide under the stage clips and adjust the diaphragm so light passes through. – Turn revolving nose piece to the low power lens. High Power • With the low power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus. – Once in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the medium power lens into position. • With the low power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus. – Once in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the medium power lens into position. • With the low power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus. – Once in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the medium power lens into position. • With the Medium power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus. – Once in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the high power lens into position. • With the Medium power lens, gently turn the coarse adjustment until the image comes into focus. – Once in focus, you can now use the revolving nosepiece to move the high power lens into position. • With the High power lens, gently turn the fine adjustment until the image comes into focus. • Do not use the coarse adjustment when the microscope is using the high power lens. – This can break the glass slide and damage the microscope. • Do not use the coarse adjustment when the microscope is using the high power lens. – This can break the glass slide and damage the microscope. Using a Microscope “It’s Worth Repeating” • Start on the lowest magnification • Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification…you’ll break the slide!!! • Place slide on stage and lock clips • Adjust light source Use fine adjustment to focus 158 • Activity! Using the microscope. – Please place the letter e on a slide and put a cover slip on. – Sketch the letter e on low, medium, and high power. • Activity! – Practice your skills with prepared slides. • Raise your hand when you think you know the picture beneath the boxes. – You only get one guess. Mr. Clean “Let’s all work together to keep this lab clean.”