Transcript CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7
USE OF EMBALMING CHEMICALS
DILUTIONS
 The application of the chemicals is influenced by:
• the results the embalmer hopes to produce
• variations between chemical makers (remember a 36
index Dodge is not the same as a 36 index Royal Bond)
• how the chemicals react with the tissue
WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
WHEN USING CHEMICALS
 Wear gloves
 Flush chemicals that come in contact with the skin with cold running
water
 Wear eye protection (eye glasses don’t count- however when wearing
eye glasses if you put goggles over them they cloud over.)
 Wear protective clothing
WORK PRACTICE
CONTROLS WHEN USING
CHEMICALS
 Use a good ventilation system and wear a mask if necessary.
 Use cool water to dilute any spills and clean them up immediately.
 Do NOT use formaldehyde chemicals as an antiseptic.
 Keep a MSDS sheet on each chemical.
WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
WHEN USING CHEMICALS
 Rinse all bottles 3 times before throwing them in the trash.
 Keep the machine tanks covered at all times as well as the fluid
bottles covered. This will help reduce fumes.
 Don’t let formaldehyde and bleach come in contact.
 Pour the fluids into a tank of water to reduce fumes.
PRESERVATIVE VASCULAR
FLUIDS
 Index
 Color
 Firming speed
 Degree of firmness
 Moisturizing qualities
 Special-purpose arterial fluids
INDEX
 Strong: HCHO index in the range of 28 to 36.
 Medium: HCHO index in the range of 19 to 27.
 Weak: HCHO index in the range of 10 to 18.
COLOR
 Noncosmetic: fluids that have no active dye and don’t color
the tissues.
 Cosmetic: fluids that contain active dyes that color the
tissue.
FIRMING SPEED
 Fast-acting: fluid buffered to firm the tissues rapidly.
 Slow-firming: fluids buffered to firm body tissue slowly.
DEGREE OF FIRMNESS
 The degree of firmness depends on the buffers and
chemicals contained in a fluid. The degrees of
firmness are:
• soft
• mild
• hard
MOISTURIZING QUALITIES
 Humectants- some fluids have large amounts of chemicals
that add and retain tissue moisture. You would use a
humectant on an emaciated case.
 Nonhumectants- fluids that don’t retain tissue moisture.
~You would use a nonhumectant on a case with
edema.
SPECIAL-PURPOSE
ARTERIAL FLUIDS
 Jaundice fluids
 High-index fluids- they can be dehydrating and non-dehydrating.
 Tissue gas fluids
 Fluids for infants and children
SUPPLEMENTAL FLUIDS
Fluids that aid in the function of preservative fluids
PRE-INJECTION FLUIDS
 They are injected before the preservative arterial solution
with the purpose of aiding in blood removal and
preparing the tissues for the arterial solution.
CO-INJECTION FLUIDS
 They are added to the preservative vascular solutions to help
increase the penetrating and distributing qualities of the vascular fluid
and to help modify and control the reaction of the preservatives.
INTERNAL BLEACH AND
STAIN REMOVERS
 They are designed to help bleach blood discolorations.
• Sometimes these fluids can do more harm than good.
Be very careful when using them. Always have a trained
technician close by until you are comfortable with
them.
TISSUE GAS CO -INJECTION
FLUIDS
 They are germicidal in nature and act on the microbes that
form the tissue gas.
EDEMA-CORRECTIVE CO INJECTION FLUIDS
 They enhance the dehydrating effect of the arterial fluids
and help dry the edematous tissues.
GERMICIDE BOOSTERS
 They are used for cases with infectious and contagious
disease in order to increase the germicidal effects of
the arterial fluid.
HUMECTANTS
 They help prevent dehydration and maintain tissue
moisture.
WATER (CONDITIONING) CORRECTIVE FLUIDS
 These are used to help make hard water soft so the arterial
fluid can be more effective.
DYES
 Active dyes are added to bring color to the tissue. Be
careful with active dye. Some fluid companies make very
strong dyes and you only need a drop or two, other companies
you need several ounces. If you’re not familiar with the
chemical company make sure you ask someone how much to
use.
ARTERIAL FLUID
DILUTION
 Index is the amount of formaldehyde measured in grams
dissolved in 100 milliliters of water.
 The primary dilution is the dilution of arterial fluids
prepared by the embalmer.
 The strength of the primary dilution is found by using an
index factor.
PRIMARY FORMULA
C = th e In d e x
V = th e am o un t o f flu id
C ’= th e stre n g th o f
so lutio n
V ’= th e to tal vo lum e
PRIMARY FORMULA
C = th e in d e x
V = th e vo lu m e
Th e b o ttle s s a ys its 2 5 Th is is w h a t w e re
s o lvin g fo r.
C ’= th e s o lu tio n
V ’= to ta l vo lu m e
W e w a n t a 2 % s o lu tio n W e a re g o in g to u s e
12 8 o u n c e s o f to ta l
s o lu tio n .
FORMULA
 C X V= C’ X V’
• plug in the numbers and get
 25 X x= 2.% X 128
 25x = 256
 x = 256/25
 x= 10.2 ounces
WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
 It means- we need to use 10.2 ounces of a 25 index arterial
fluid per 1 gallon (128 oz) of water in order to
embalm the body with a 2% solution.
 A 1.5% to 2% solution is considered the industry standard
for properly embalming and disinfecting a body.
ARTERIAL FLUID
TEMPERATURE
 The majority of fluids you will be using are used at room
temperature.
DENSITY/SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
 Density- relates to the concentration of the solute in the
solution.
 Specific Gravity- is the ratio of the weight of a given
volume with the equal weight of water.
 Hypotonic- a solution contains less of a dissolved substance
than is found in the blood.
DENSITY/SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
 Hypertonic- a greater quantity of a dissolved substance
than is found in the blood.
 The best embalming results come from a hypotonic
solution.
 If too much solution is used it is hypertonic and can cause
dehyrdation.
QUANTITY
 What are some factors to consider when determining the
strength and amount of fluid to infect?
CHAPTER 6
 The rest of this chapter is in my opinion a re-write of
chapter 6. For review know when the various types
of chemicals are used.