Transcript Islam-Submission to Allah

By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
IslamAn Abrahamic
Religion
 Muslims are strict monotheists.


They believe in the JudeoChristian God, which they call
Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
Peoples of the Book
Abraham’s Genealogy
HAGAR
ABRAHAM
Ishmael
12 Arabian
Tribes
SARAH
Isaac
Jacob
12 Tribes of
Israel
Esau
The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
The Origins of the Qur’an
 Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.


622  Hijrah  Muhammed
fled Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an after
his death.
The Qur’an
 Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.


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114 suras (chapters).
In the name of Allah,
the compassionate,
the merciful.
Written
in Arabic.
1. The Shahada
 The testimony.

The declaration of faith:
There is no god worthy of
worship except God, and
Muhammad is His
Messenger [or Prophet].
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2. The Salat
 The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day:
* dawn
* noon
* late afternoon
* sunset
* before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
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2. The Salat
 The call to prayer by the
muezzin in the minaret.

Example of one or two

Pray in the mosque on Friday.
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3. The Zakat

Almsgiving (charitable
donations).

Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification”

About 2.5% of your income.
and “growth.”
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4. The Sawm
 Fasting during the holy month
of Ramadan.

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Considered a method of selfpurification.
No eating or drinking from
sunrise to sunset during
Ramadan.
4
Eid Mubarak
End of the Ramadan holiday.
5. The Hajj
 The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
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5. The Hajj
 Those who complete the
pilgrimage can add the title
hajji to their name.
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The Dar al-Islam
The World
of Islam
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Pop-Quiz
• What are the five pillars of Islam?
• What do “Muslim” and “Islam” mean?
• In what city did Muhammad die?
Ascend to heaven?
• To what city did Muhammad leave on
the Hijrah?
• What is the Qur’an?
The Mosque
 The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock
Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Muezzin
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTkC-TTzZc
• http://www.videospider.tv/Videos/De
tail/857371539.aspx
Adhan
• Sunni Text of the adhan: God is The
Greatest; I bear witness that there is
no lord except God; I bear witness
that Muhammad is the Messenger of
God; Make haste towards prayer;
Make haste towards welfare; God is
greatest; There is no lord except
God
Other Islamic Religious
Practices

Follow Muhammad’s example: The
Sunna; and the Hadith,
Muhammad’s collected sayings

Polygamy is allowed.
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No alcohol or pork.
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No gambling.
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Sharia  body of Islamic law to

regulate daily living.
Three holiest cities in Islam:
* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Essential Question:
Why was Islam
able to spread so
quickly and convert
so many to the
new religion?
The Spread of Islam
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Easy to learn and practice.
No priesthood (Ulama - those with
knowledge; Imam - one who is front)
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Teaches equality and tolerance.
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Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes.
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Easily “portable”  nomads & trade
routes.
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Jihad (“struggle”) against pagans
and other non-believers.
The Spread of Islam
• Muhammad’s successors or deputies, called
caliphs, continued teaching the message of
Islam.
• “Rightly Guided Caliphs” were elected: Abu
Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali
• The Caliphate that followed Ali was hereditary
• The caliphs were able to expand the Muslim
Empire from the Atlantic ocean to the Indus
Valley
• The early Caliphs took advantage of the
weakness of the Persian and Byzantine empires
• The Qur’an prohibits force conversion
– Islamic leaders allowed Christians and Jews
to practice their beliefs but they could not
spread their beliefs.
Split Within Islam
• Civil war erupted after the death of Hussein
Ibn Ali in Karbala, 680 CE.
• With the death, the process of electing
Caliphs ended
• The new leadership moved the capital to
Damascus (Syria) to make expansion easier
- the Ummayad Dynasty
• In addition to the move the new leaders
moved away from the simple life of the
caliphs and surrounded themselves with
luxury
Shi’a / Sunni Split
• Sunni
– Meaning “followers
of Muhammad’s
example”
– Followed the new
leadership
– A majority of the
people accepted
the new rulers, to
maintain peace
 Shi’a
- Meaning “party” of
Ali (Muhammad’s cousin
and son-in-law)
- Resisted the new
leaderships rule.
- Believed the Caliph
needed to be a relative
of the prophet Muhammad
- Another group, the Sufi,
pursued a life of poverty
in response to the luxury
of the Sunni leadership.
Sunni and Shi’a Split
Spread of Islam to Three
Continents

Under the leadership of various leaders the
Muslims spread as far north as France and
south into southern Africa.
 A large Muslim settlement was established by
the Berbers in Spain.
–Lead by Jabal Tariq
–He was so revered they
named the Rock of
Gibraltar after him.

Corodoba, in Spain became a center for the
spread of Islam in Europe
–70 libraries, 700 mosques, 27 free schools
–Population of 500,000
–All religions were welcome in Corodoba
Caliphate in 750 CE
Muslim Society
• Throughout the Muslim Empire urban centers
flourished
– Ummayad Caliphate: capital at Damascus (661-750 CE)
– Abbasid Caliphate: capital at Baghdad (750-1258)
– Ummayad Dynasty in Spain, followed the Berbers (North
African Muslims) who fought at the Battle of Tours in 732
and established the Al-Andalus
• There were four social classes
– The upper class - Muslims by birth
– Second class - converts to Islam (paid higher taxes)
– Third class - “The Protected People” - Jews and
Christians, also Zoroastrians - higher taxes than 2nd class
– The Lowest Class - Slaves, all non-muslim, many were
household workers or soldiers.
Muslim Society, cont.
• The Role of Women
– The Qur’an states that men will manage a women’s
affair
– An obedient women is a righteous women
– Muslim women had more rights than European
women.
– Responsibilities varied based on the income of the
husbands.
– Women raised the children
– In early Muslim society women participated in religious
activities and were encouraged to get an education
Seljuk Turks
• Turks who left central Asia and set up a
Muslim empire from Anatolia to the Punjab
between 11th and 14th centuries
• Adopted Persian culture, eventually captured
the Abbasid and Byzantine empires
• Principle enemy of Crusaders in the 11th15th centuries
• Set up the Ottoman Empire centered in
Anatolia, the Holy Lands, Arabia, North
Africa, and Persia - lasted until mid-15th
century
Advances in Art and Science
• Many advances in medicine, mathematics, and
astronomy are credited to the Muslim world
• Understanding of smallpox and measles
• Proper location for hospitals
• Muslims scholars charted stars, comets, and
planets
• Many artists began the art of calligraphy, due to
the banning of drawing images
Islam: the peaceful religion
• Islam comes from the Arabic word for
“Peace”
• Jihad can be interpreted many ways.
– Holy War, struggle against infidels (un-believers)
– Concept that includes “struggle against evil
inclinations against oneself, struggle to improve the
quality of life in society, struggle in the battle for
self-defense or fighting against tyranny and
oppression,” (Islam: Opposing Viewpoints, p 14)
– “Whoever killed a human being, except as a
punishment for murder or villainy in the land, shall
be looked upon as though he had killed all
mankind,” (Islam: Opposing Viewpoints, p 14).