Transcript Chemistry-Chapter 4

Chemistry
Chapter 5
Lessons 5-1 and 5-2:
Objectives:
To learn to name binary compounds of
a metal and a nonmetal.
Binary compounds
• TWO BROAD CLASSES
1) Compounds that contain a metal and a
nonmetal (Type I and Type II)
2) Compounds that contain 2 nonmetals
(Type III)
BINARY IONIC Compounds
A compound that results from the
combination of a metal with a nonmetal.
-The positive ion (cation) gets written first
-To name these compounds, just name the
ions.
In summary:
• Type I compounds: The metal present
forms only one type of cation.
• Type II compounds: The metal present can
form 2 or more cations that have different
charges.
Table 5.1
Rules for Naming Type I Ionic
Compounds
1) The cation is always named first and the anion
second.
2) A simple cation (obtained from a single atom)
takes its name form the name of the element.
For example Na+ is called sodium in the
names of compounds containing this ion.
3) A simple anion (obtained from a single atom) is
named by taking the first part of the element
name (the root) and adding –ide.
Practice
Compound
NaCl
KI
CaS
CsBr
MgO
Ions Present
Name
Individual Practice: Open to p. 87-88 Do Self-Check Exercise 4-1
Complete for HW
Table 5.2
Common Names - Exceptions
•
•
•
•
•
H2O = water, steam, ice
NH3 = ammonia
CH4 = methane
NaCl = table salt
C12H22O11 = table sugar
Objectives
• Quiz on Type II cations
• Identify the rules for Type III binary
compounds (nonmetals)
• Practice naming Type II binary ionic
compounds and Type III binary
compounds
Examples for Type II binary ionic
compounds
Example Systematic Name
Fe2O3
iron(III)oxide
Older Name
ferric oxide
CuCl2
copper(II) chloride
cupric chloride
HgBr2
mercury(II) bromide
mercuric bromide
PbI4
lead(IV) iodide
plumbic iodide
Naming Binary Compounds that
Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
• Objective: To learn how to name binary
compounds containing nonmetals
Naming Binary Compounds that
Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
Similar to naming other binary compounds
EXCEPT
Type III Binary compounds contain
ONLY NONMETALS
Naming Binary Compounds that
Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
1) The 1st element in the formula is named 1st,
and the full element name is used.
2) The 2nd element is named as though it were an
anion.
3) Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of
atoms present. (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-,
hexa-, hepta-, octa)
4) The prefix mono- is never used for naming the
1st element. (Ex. CO carbon monoxide, not
monocarbon monoxide).
Naming Binary Compounds that
Contain Only Nonmetals (Type III)
I2O7
CO2
CF4
NH3
PCl3
BF3
NO
N2O5
S
diiodine heptoxide
carbon dioxide
carbon tetrafluoride
ammonia
phosphorous trichloride
boron trifluoride
nitrogen oxide
dinitrogen pentoxide
Examples for Type II binary ionic
compounds
Example Systematic Name
Fe2O3
iron(III)oxide
Older Name
ferric oxide
CuCl2
copper(II) chloride
cupric chloride
HgBr2
mercury(II) bromide
mercuric bromide
PbI4
lead(IV) iodide
plumbic iodide
Naming Binary Compounds: A
Review
• Objectives: To review the naming of Type
I, II, and Type III binary compounds
Figure 5.1: A flow chart for naming binary
compounds.
Naming Compounds that Contain
Polyatomic Ions
• Objective: To learn the names of the
common polyatomic ions and how to use
them in naming compounds
LEARN THIS TABLE
Oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms
Oxyanions contain different numbers
of oxygen atoms
Smaller number of oxygen atoms -ite
Larger number of oxygen atoms -ate
Prefixes are used when there are more than 2
Hypo (less than)
Per ( more than)
Example: ClO
ClO2
ClO3
ClO4
hypochlorite
chlorite
chlorate
perchlorate
Practice Naming these compounds
Cu(NO3)2
copper(II) nitrate
PbCO3
lead(II) carbonate
KHSO4
potassium hydrogen sulfate
NH4I
ammonium iodide
NaCN
sodium cyanide
Figure 5.2: Overall strategy for naming
chemical compounds.
Naming Acids
• Objectives:
1) To learn how the anion composition
determines the acid’s name.
2) To learn names for common acids.
Acids
Acids: certain molecules produce H+ ions.
An acid can be viewed as a molecule with
one or more H+ ions attached to an anion.
Naming Acids
Rules
1) If the anion does not contain Oxygen, the
acid is named with the prefix hydro- and
the suffix –ic attached to the root of the
element.
Example: HCl
hydrochloric acid
Naming Acids
2) When the anion contains Oxygen, the
acid name is formed from the root name
of the central element with a suffix of –ic
or –ous. When the anion ends in –ate,
the suffix-ic is used. When the anion
ends in –ite the suffix, ous is used
Example: H2SO4
sulfuric acid
Example: H2SO3
sulfurous acid
Name these Acids
HF
hydrofluoric acid
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
HNO3
nitric acid
HBrO4
bromic acid
H 2S
hydrosulfuric acid
p.109 Question 24