Transcript The Business of Journal Publishing

The Business of
Journals Publishing
Paul Calow
Journal Sales Manager
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
Overview
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Introduction
•
Journal Publishing: The Industry
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Journals Publishing: The Processes
– Blackwell Publishing
– History
– Demand for Journals
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List Development
Production
Distribution
Purchasing
•
Journals Publishing: The move to E-Only
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Summary
– Print vs Electronic
– Harnessing technology
– Alternative publishing models
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• STM and HSS Publisher
• ~800 Journals
– ~75% Society owned
• Largest society publisher in the world
– >600 Societies
– Provide publishing and marketing services to Societies
– >50% of our profit goes back to the Societies
• Blackwell Synergy
• ~600 Books per year
– E-Books via NetLibrary, E-Books Corp, Ebrary
• Online Resources
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
First Journal: 1665
Henry Oldenburg
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Journal Growth 1665-2001
Journal growth
cagr 3.46%
No of titles launched and still extant 2001
10000
R2 = 0.9877
100
1
1665
1765
1865
1965
Year
Total number of active refereed learned journals in 2001: 14,700
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Main Cause of Journal Growth
Index (1981=1.00)
1.6
R&D Workers, Journals and Articles
US r&d
workers
journals
1.2
articles
0.8
1980
1985
Year
1990
1995
More researchers  more journals
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Why do journals survive?
• Useful vehicles for disseminating research results
• Archive knowledge
• Provide a stamp of quality and authority to work
• Provide recognition to the person who carried out the research
• Keep other researchers and practitioners up to date
• Advance the knowledge base of the discipline
• Conclude a study
• Researchers can further their own careers
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
List Development
Obtaining new journals:
• Brand New Title
• Change of Publisher
• DIY to Publisher
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
New Journals
surplus
7 years
0
time
loss
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Transferring Journals
• Titles owned by Societies
• Publishing Contracts usually
Invitation to Bid
last 3-5 years
Publisher Submits Offer
• Change Publisher for a number
of reasons
– Value for Money
– Increased exposure
– Additional Value Added
Publisher Presentation
Society Chooses Publisher
Publishing Services
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Publishers Add Value…
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Technical infrastructure
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Best practice
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Online publication
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Print publication
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Electronic editorial office
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Print distribution
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Copy editing
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Marketing media
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Proofing and typesetting
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Financial support
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XML tagging and mark up
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Sharing costs
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Management of metadata
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Legal infringement monitoring
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Archival deposit
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Administrative services
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Usage statistics
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
The Publication Process
Production
Editor
Type
Setter
Journal Publishing
Manager
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Reviewer
Editor
Reviewer
Author
Distribution
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Distribution
Electronic Journal Delivery Platforms
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Full-Text Journal Articles
Searching/browsing
Reference Linking
24/7 Access
Back files
Personalised Homepages
Library Administrator pages
E-Commerce
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Customer Services
• Order Processing & Management
– Direct orders
– Subscription agents
– Society Members
• General enquiries
– Claims
– Electronic access
– Quotations
• Distribution
• Online Support
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
The Purchasing Process: Print
Agent
Library
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
The Purchasing Process: Electronic
• Libraries are now working together…
– To save money
– To buy in bulk
– To negotiate better terms and conditions
• Consortia Purchasing
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Groups of Libraries (Local, Regional, National)
“The big deal”
Print plus electronic or e-only
More content, more information
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
NESLI Consortium
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JISC/HEFCE Funded
Open Consortium
UK Academic Institutions (incl. Research Councils)
Independent Negotiating Agent
– Price
– Content
– Other terms and conditions
• Blackwell Publishing’s NESLI Offer 2006
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Collections (FULL, STM, HSS, ST, MN)
Price based on JISC banding (bands A – G)
Restricted print cancellations/substitutions
Additional discounts e.g. early orders
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Print vs Electronic – Blackwell Publishing
The move to e-only…
• December 2004
– Print plus electronic: 92%
– E-only: 8%
• December 2005
– Print plus electronic: 87%
– E-only: 13%
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Print vs Electronic – What’s stopping the move?
• Archiving
– Would one or more trusted archive accelerate the trend
towards e-only?
• Tax
– Increased VAT on Electronic content is slowing down
the move from print to e-only
• Users are still demanding Print
– Is this the case in your institution?
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Print vs Electronic – The move is possible…
• Pharmaceutical Company
• Closed all libraries globally
• Now purchasing e-only based on usage
• Saved +20% of budget
– Now running a “virtual library”
– No cost for physical sites
– Lower staff costs
• Used savings to off-set increased tax
• Used savings to acquire new content
• Concerns regarding Archiving, Tax and the existing demand
for print are no longer there!
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Harnessing Technology
• Electronic Content
– More content is available to more users
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Subscriptions
Collections
Pay-Per-View
Usage Based Pricing
Open Access
• Electronic Workflows
– Speeded up publication processes
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Author Submission
Peer Review
Production
Distribution e.g. Blackwell Synergy
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Harnessing Technology
With the advent of new technology shouldn’t content
be cheaper or free?
• The internet is just a distribution medium
• Costs of e-journal production are made up of two main
components:
– cost to create the first copy (85-90%)
– cost to duplicate and distribute (10-15%)
– Print production displays a reversal of these costs
• Copying and distribution costs are low
• Authentication, licensing and management becomes more
complex
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
First Copy Costs
• Estimates vary but approx. £2,000 - £6,000 per article
depending on the publisher and the discipline
• Several cost components
– Peer review: costs for ALL submissions
– Technology: Development, Functionality, Stability
– Marketing & Branding
• Publishers are now responsible for longer term availability
and archiving
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Alternative Business Models
• Payment options
1. Authors pay (page charges)
2. Authors’ institutions pay
3. Authors’ granting bodies pay
4. Readers pay
5. Readers’ agents (library) pay
6. National authorities pay (e.g. JISC)
• Any alternative must raise enough money to cover the
per article costs to be self-sustaining
• Open Access (new e-only publishers)
• Open Access hybrid (traditional publishers)
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
The Business of Journal Publishing
• Publishing companies are innovative
– Embracing technology to improve…
• Content creation
• Content management
• Content delivery
• Ongoing support
• Journal Publishing is evolving
– Provision for search and retrieve culture
– Providing information on demand
– Alternative publishing models
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• Author pays (Open Access)
• Institutional repositories (Open Access)
Increasing momentum for move to e-only
UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005
Thank You!
Paul Calow
Journal Sales Manager
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ
United Kingdom
Email: [email protected]
URL’s: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/
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UKSG SRM Presentation
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Copyright 2006
Tuesday, 21 July 2015
8th February 2005