Transcript Household Presentation

A Natural Way to Rheology
Nick Madison
CP Kelco
Technical Services Manager
Consumer & Industrial Applications
www.cpkelco.com
CONFIDENTIAL
Outline
 Company Background
 Products for Personal Care
 Unique Delivery Methods
 Fluid Gels
 Films
 Formulating with CP Kelco Products
 Questions
CONFIDENTIAL
Company Facts
 Owned by JM Huber Corporation
 2,500 employees
 10 manufacturing sites
 5 centers of technical excellence
 Major markets:
Food; Oilfield; Home, Personal & Oral Care
 Specialists in Rheology Modifiers
 No. 1 in CMC, xanthan gum, gellan gum and pectin
 No. 2 in carrageenan
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A Few Words About Natural or Green Products
 CP Kelco products have a high degree of consumer
acceptance. They are considered “friendly.”
 The polymers are sourced and made from natural
ingredients.
 All of our products are based on carbohydrate
polymers from renewable resources.
 Pectin has shown promise in reducing cholesterol and
fighting cancer.
 Carrageenan farming provides jobs and an economical
boost for the areas in which it is grown.
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Products for Personal Care
 Xanthan Gum
 Cellulose Gum
- Emulsion Stability
- Viscosity
- Foam Stability
- Heavy Skin Feel
- Suspension
- Film Formation
- Viscosity
 Gellan Gum
- Fluid Gel for Suspension
and Emulsion Stability
- Light Skin Feel
- Foamed Systems
 Carrageenan
- Rheology control
- Re-healable Gel
 Pectin
- pH Control
- Film Formation
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Rheological Control
Property
Structure
Relevance
Viscosity
Hydrodynamic radius;
Polymer network
Perception of
thickness,
richness (Shear
rate of
application)
Pseudoplasticity
Molecular reorientation:
intermolecular
interaction
Good cling,
but easily
pumpable
and pourable
High G’
(elastic or storage
Energy storage in
network at rest
Good
suspension
Weak intermolecular
interaction
Perception of
tackiness
modulus)
Extensional viscosity
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Xanthan Gum
Raw Material
Glucose syrup
Production Process
Fermentation – followed by
alcohol precipitation
Chemical Structure
Cellulose backbone + 3 sugar
side chain
Chemical Types
Standard form
Low acetate form
Functional Properties
Thickening
Stabilizing
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Pseudoplasticity of 0.5% Gum Solutions
105
Xanthan Gum
Viscosity (cP)
104
Guar Gum
103
CMC High-Viscosity Type
102
Sodium Alginate
Pouring
Brushing & Spraying
101
Swallowing
Emulsion Stability
Paper Coating
Mixing
10
Suspension
10-1
100
101
102
103
Shear Rate (1/sec)
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Xanthan Gum Functional Examples
Sedimentation Control
Body Wash with Beads
Mascara
Liquid Abrasives
Mineral Suspensions
Liquid Animal Feed
Drilling Fluids
Emulsion Stability
Lotions and Creams
Sunscreens
Latex emulsions
Asphalt emulsions
Polishes
Flow Control-Cling
Sprayable Sunscreen
Tile Cleaners
Toilet Bowl Cleaners
Tire Rim Cleaners
Oven Cleaners
Textured Paints
Ceramic Glaze
Latex emulsions
Flow Control-Viscosity
Foaming Hand Soaps
Cough Syrups
Drain Cleaners
Friction Reducer
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Smooth-Flow Xanthan Gum
103
Shear Viscosity (Pa·s)
103
Shear / Extension
Keltrol CG
Keltrol CG-SFT
102
102
101
101
100
100
10-1
101
102
103
Rate (s-1)
Concentrations were chosen to give similar shear viscosities
Smooth-flow xanthan solutions have lower extensional viscosity,
and are less stringy – beneficial in many applications
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Non-Stringy Xanthan Gum
Smooth-Flow
Normal
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Xanthan -- Compatibility and Incompatibility



Xanthan gum is usually quite compatible with:

Anionic surfactants (~ 15-20%)

Nonionic surfactants (~ 40%)

Amphoteric surfactants (not in their cationic form)
Xanthan is usually not compatible with:

Cationic Surfactants

Quaternary Amines

Active Bleach (hypochlorite, peroxide, perborate,
persulfate, etc.)
See compatibility table in xanthan book
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Making the Incompatible Compatible
 Two Part Bleach Systems
 Hydrogen Peroxide
 Have a stabilized formulation
 Cationic Surfactants and Quaternary Amines
 Xanthan has compatibility in acidic systems
(e.g. - 15% phosphoric acid cleaners)
 Xanthan has compatibility in salt systems with
sufficient ionic strength (dilution issues)
 Rinse Free systems
CONFIDENTIAL
CMC
Raw Material
Cellulose
Production Process
Alkaline reaction with MCA
followed by purification
Chemical Structure
Carboxymethyl esters of
anhydroglucose units
Chemical Types
Vary by: Molecular weight
Degree of substitution
Cross-linked
Functional Properties
Viscosifying
Water holding
Film forming
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The Influence of Molecular Weight
Pseudoplasticity
Water binding
Mw / Viscosity
Stability
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The Influence of Degree of Substitution
Stability
Clarity
Compatibility
DS
Interaction
Thixotropy
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Pectin
Raw Materials
Citrus peel
Sugar beet pulp
Production Process
Extraction, followed by alcohol
precipitation
De-esterification is optional
Chemical Structure
Partial methyl esters of polygalacturonic
acid
Chemical Types
High methoxyl
Low methoxyl
Pectate
Functional Properties
Gelation
Water binding
Film formation
(DE > 50%)
(DE < 50%)
(DE ~ 0%)
CONFIDENTIAL
Pectin – Protecting the Acid Mantle
 Sebum and sweat mix to form a protective layer
 If acid mantle is disrupted or loses its acidity, the skin
becomes more prone to damage and infection
 The loss of acid mantle is one of the side effects of
washing the skin with soaps or detergents of high pH
 Pectin is a poly acid which can buffer the pH on the skin
to preserve the acid mantle
 Since it is polymerized pectin is not adsorbed into the skin
 Forms a film on the surface that acts as a barrier
 Pectin is very label friendly
CONFIDENTIAL
Gellan
Gum
Raw Material
Glucose syrup
Production Process
Fermentation (Sphingomonas elodea),
followed by alcohol precipitation
Chemical Structure
4-sugar repeating unit, with acyl groups
Chemical Types
High acyl (native form)
Low acyl
Functional Properties
Gelation
Stabilization (“fluid gel” mechanism)
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Emulsion Stability Results
Oil
Stability at 20°C
Stability at 45°C
High Acyl Gellan
High Acyl Gellan
Gellan
Blend Xanthan Gellan
Blend Xanthan
Mineral
Stable
Stable
Stable
Visc.
Stable Unstable
Sunflower
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable Unstable
Jojoba
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable Unstable
Olive
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable
Stable Unstable
Macadamia
Stable
Stable
Stable
Visc.
Visc.
Unstable
CONFIDENTIAL
Effect of Temperature on Fluid Gel
1000
Viscosity
(mPa.s)
0.05% Low Acyl Gellan in 5 mM Ca2+
+ 10% sodium lauryl ether sulfate
100
20°C
10
40°C
60°C
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Shear Rate (s-1)
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Films -- Uses
 Water swelling and soluble films from 0.03 to 1 mm in
thickness
 Carry active materials such as colors, flavors and even
pharmaceutical agents
 Surfactant Film
 Blemish Treatment
 Controlled release
 Hair Dye
 Supplying an unstable active
 CP Kelco products can make films which dissolve very
rapidly or do not dissolve at all
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Lotion
 Viscosity needs:
 Stabilization of colloidal particles
 Skin feel
 Rubbing is an inherently high shear process (high velocity, narrow
gap)
 Low viscosity can seem thin
 High viscosity can promote drag or stickiness
 Best choices:
 Xanthan for stabilization
 Cellulose gum to promote a heavier skin feel
 Carrageenan (iota type) to also promote skin feel and have
seaweed label claim
 Pectin to provide skin feel and help promote healthy skin
 Gellan gum for light skin feel
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Sunscreen
 Viscosity needs:
 Stabilization of colloidal particles
 Skin feel
 Water resistance
 Best choices:
 Xanthan for stabilization
 Will also provide good film formation to resist water
 Film is slow to hydrate
 Cellulose gum to promote a heavier skin feel
 Will also provide good film formation to resist water
 Film is quick to hydrate
 Carrageenan (iota type) to also promote skin feel and have
seaweed label claim
 Gellan gum for a sprayable sunscreen
 Film is slow to hydrate
CONFIDENTIAL
Body Wash

Viscosity needs
 Give a feeling of thickness when dispensed
 Pour without gel-like appearance
 Provide foam stability
 Suspend actives or aesthetic ingredients

Best choices
 Xanthan gum with a low degree of short term interactions like smoothflow xanthan
 Cellulose gum for more viscosity at higher shear rates
 Improves thickness during pouring
 Keeps product from seeming too gelled
 Pectin for similar properties to CMC but with added label benefit of
pectin
 Gellan gum to add suspension or stabilization to a surfactant-thickened
system
CONFIDENTIAL
Mascara
 Viscosity needs
 High viscosity during application for good control
 Good film formation properties
 Best choices
 Cellulose gum for non-interacting viscosity
 Higher polymer loading for good film formation (high solids)
 Good solubility of the polymer for ease of removal
 Pectin for same properties with added label friendliness
CONFIDENTIAL
Rheology Control
Low Acyl Gellan
LM Pectin
k-Carrageenan
HM Pectin
High Acyl
Gellan
i-Carrageenan
High Acyl Gellan
Low Acyl Gellan
SOLID GEL - Brittle
SOLID GEL - Elastic
LIQUID GEL
Xanthan
PSEUDOPLASTIC
Carboxymethyl
Cellulose
HM Pectin
NEWTONIAN
0
7
pH
14
CONFIDENTIAL
Thank You for your Attention
Here to Help:
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Sales Team
R&D Centers
Technical Service
Customer Service
Large Literature Catalog
www.cpkelco.com
CONFIDENTIAL