Transcript The Evolution of International Society

The Evolution of International
Society
Introduction
• International Society
– Any association of distinct political communities
which accept some common value, rules, and
institutions
– Originally coined to refer to relations among
European stats, the term now apply any
relationship among state
– Usually dominated by a “Great Power”
Regional International Systems
• International Societies first developed in the Ancient
world when the first organized human communities
developed
– Greece
• Separate City-State
– Distinct political units
– System of Arbitration to settle disputes
• Cultural Unity
– Supranational Authority
• Persian War
– Developed Treaties for protection
• Melian Dialogue
– Peloponnesian War
» Athens to Melos
• “Let’s not waste time with fine words which nobody will
believe. You know as well as we do that the question of justice
hardly ever comes into human affairs. The truth is that the
powerful take what they can and the weak grant what they
must”
• Demonstrates Ultra-Realist View of World Order
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– India
• Religion
– Supranational Authority
» Just War
» Dharma and Karma
– China
• Confucianism
– Imperial China
» Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, etc..
» Cultural Center of the World
– Rome
• Imperialist
– Law of Nations
– Spread Roman Culture
Multi-Regional International System
• Ancient world provided regional international
system, with the major religions we see multiregional systems being formed
• Vatican
– Rome fell and catholic church took its place
• Supranational Authority
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Unifying Element of Europe
Moral and Ethnic Unity
Cannon Law – Legal Order
Priesthood – International Bureaucracy
Continued
• Islam
– Faith spread from Middle East to Africa, Europe, and
Asia
– Creates Umma (Community of followers) in new lands
– The Great Schism
• Sunni and Shia
– Who is Caliphate (leader)
– Islamic Theory
• Dar Al-Harb – The adobe of War
• Dar Al-Islam – The adobe of Islam
– Constant conflict until Dar Al-Islam Wins
– Jihad – Struggle by heart, words, hand, and sword
– Peace between the two Adobes required treaties
World International System
• Three key developments
– Development of larger more powerful states
– Protestant Reformation diminished catholic
churches power
– Discovery of the New World and birth of
colonization
• The world was drawn into European conflicts
• Decolonization established European style states in
eastern society
• Modern Diplomacy Developed
– Resident Ambassadors
– Diplomatic Immunity
30 Years War and Westphalia
• Thirty Years War
– Europe’s last religious war
– Conflict over legitimate authority between states and
religion
• Peace of Westphalia (1648)
– Ended 30 years war
– Key event in development Modern IS
– Placed states in higher authority then Church
• Territoriality
• Sovereignty
• Autonomy
• Treaty of Utrecht
– Ended War for Spanish Succession (1701-14)
– Established Balance of Power as the best protection of
peace among nations
French and American Revolutions
• Profound Consequences for international
society
– Sovereignty was invest in Nation (People), not
Rulers (Kings)
• Birth of Modern Democracy
• National Self-Determination
– Established “Concert of Europe”
• Power Club of Europe’s Main Powers that dictated
military and economic power
• Settled matters of important/mutual interest
• Diplomatic Development greatly increased
• Congress of Berlin
– Legitimized domination of Asia and Africa
WWI and League of Nations
• WWI
– Ended Concert of Europe
– Smaller States broke free of powerful states
influence
– Gave rise to non-European Super powers
• Japan
• US
• League of Nations
– First organization of the International Society
• Emphasized Collective Security rather then Balance of
Power
• Membership was world wide, not just Europe but
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• League of Nations
– First organization of the International Society
• Highly Organized
• Emphasized Collective Security rather then Balance of
Power
• Membership was world wide, not just Europe but
represented European style of power
Globalization of IS
• Treaty of Versailles
– Created instability, not peace
– Directly caused WWII
– US Senate would not ratify
• United Nations born out of WWII
– US Promoted
– Did not want to repeat United Nations Mistake
• Cold War born out of WWII
– US v. USSR
– Entire World belonged to one of the two camps