Transcript Land problems - Son P. Nguyen

Chap. 5
treaty
• Land grants, protected
Californios
• Gold Rush 1849
• $$$
▫ Cattle, etc.
PROBLEMS
• 1851: Gwin Act
• Avg.: 17 yrs.
• Costs?
SQUATTERS
• Barred owners
• Power?
• Drought 1860s
• Economic -
• “Foreigners”
• ++ Anglos
• - political power
• Santa Barbara
CONFLICT
• North vs. South
• “States” Rights
• Bottom line?
CA
• Slaves in CA
• Free Blacks
▫ 1860: 4k, largest west
• Bridget Mason
• Abolitionists
• Laws
▫ No voting
▫ Intermarriage
▫ Testify court
WAR
• Majority loyal
• Volunteers
▫ Latinos
• Promote Union
• $$$
TRANSCONTINENTAL
• Central+Union
• Idea man: T. Judah
• Chinese workers
• Sierra Nevada
• “Chinaman’s Chance”
UNION PACIFIC
• Irish, Mormon
workers
Promontory, Utah, 1869
SOUTHERN PACIFIC
• Largest land owner
ETHNICITY, RACE
• Intriguing, fluid
• Californios
L.A. Sherriff Tomás Sánchez, Californio
Mayor (1850)
Ygnacio del Valle.
Reginaldo del Valle
• Post-rush
• “Colored”
• Hostile, violent
LAWS
• $$$
• Mexicans, Chinese
• 1870: segregated schools
CHINESE
• Gum Saan
• Passage: Credit-ticket
• People v. Hall (1854)
▫ Legally “Indians”
COMMUNITIES
• Stores, restaurants
• Tongs
▫ 1852: Kwang-tek-tong
• Leisure
EXCLUSION
• 1882: Chinese
DEPRESSION
• 1892-1897
• Anti-Chinese riots
JAPANESE
• 1885
• Agriculture
• Discrim.
• Removal
TREATY
• Cede claims, hostilities
• “Reservation”
▫ Supplies, cattle
▫ 7.5% CA lands
EXTERMINATION
• Fear
• Racial
• 1845: 150K
• 1900: 16K
• ???