Transcript Political & Economic Systems

Political & Economic
Systems
Ch. 4 Sec. 3
Government: the
institution in which
society functions
Jobs of any Government
1. Maintain social order
2. Provide national security
3. Provide social services to the
people
4. Support economic stability &
growth
Levels of Govn’t
• Most will have national, regional, and
local
–U.S., Texas, Sugar Land
• Two diff. ways of organizing them–Unitary system
–Federal system
Unitary System
• All key powers held by national government
(unified)
– National government then creates the lower levels
and gives them limited sovereignty
• Sovereignty = complete independence or selfrule
• Ex’s: United Kingdom & France
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xUy2inkGHQ
Federal System
• Powers are divided b/w national and
state govn’ts.
–Supreme power is given to national
(federal) level
–States have powers fed. govn’t cannot
touch (sovereignty in certain areas)
• Ex’s: USA, Mexico, Canada, Brazil,
India
Power divided between national and
state/provincial governments—all
levels have some sort of sovereignty
Central gov’t creates state,
provincial & local gov’ts with
limited independence
(sovereignty)
A loose union of independent
territories. U.S. first formed
as one, but it failed.
Levels of Government
Review
Unitary
Strong
Central
Government
Federal
Shared
Powers
Confederate
Strong
States
Governments
Types of Govn’t
• How do they exercise authority?
• Who runs the govn’t?
• 3 diff. categories:
–Autocracy
–Oligarchy
–Democracy
Autocracy
• Single person has all the power
–Oldest and most common
–Get power from inheritance, or force
(military, police)
• Two types:
–Totalitarian Dictatorship
–Monarchy
Autocracy
• Totalitarian
Dictatorship
– Controls all aspects
of society &
economy
– People have no
say, no power to
limit ruler’s actions
http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/
bestoftv/2013/04/12/ac-north-korea-newspropaganda.cnn.html
Ex’s: Hitler, Stalin,
Mussolini, Kim
Jong Un
Autocracy
• Monarchy
– Absolute monarch
(king/queen) has all
power
– Typically inherited
• Ex’s: Saudi Arabia
– Constitutional monarch
shares power with
legislative branch
• Ex’s: UK, Japan
Oligarchy
• Small group of people who hold
power
–Gets power by wealth, military, social
position, religion
–Mostly in communist countries
• Leaders of communist party
–Most opposition is suppressed
Democracy
• Leaders rule with consent of the
people (popular sovereignty)
• Comes from Greek words ‘demos’ =
people, and ‘kratia’= rule
• Two types:
–Direct
–Representative
Democracy
• Direct- citizens vote and decide on all
issues directly
–No country has direct
–Can only occur in small groups
• Representative- citizens elect reps to
make decisions based on their needs
–Republics have ALL officials elected
–Ex’s: USA, France, UK
• UK is a democracy with a constitutional
monarch
Types of Government
Review
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Rule by
one
Rule by
group
Rule by
all
Economic Systems
•
There are 3 basic questions to ask:
1. What and how many goods & services
are produced?
2. How should the above be produced?
3. Who gets the goods & services that
are produced?
Each country answers differently…
Frank and Earnest
on Free Market
Traditional Economy
• Rules & customs determined by
habit, what the ancestors did
• Roles passed down thru generations
–Dad is farmer, son is a farmer
–Not a lot of individual choice
• People grow what they need to live
• Only in limited places
• Ex: Inuit society in Canada
Market Economy
• Decisions made by individuals and
private grps
–Supply & demand ppl choose what to
buy so businesses make what ppl want
–People choose what jobs they want &
who they’ll work for
–Free enterprise/ capitalism
• Limited govn’t interference
–NO one has a PURE market economy
Market Economy
• Mixed Economy- free enterprise
supported and regulated by govn’t
–Govn’t keeps competition fair, trade
free, supports public’s best interest
–Ex: USA, Japan, Singapore
Command Economy
• Govn’t owns and directs the economy
–Decisions about production &
distribution of goods & services
• Controls ‘means of production’ (land, labor,
capital)
–Goal is to distribute G&S equally
–Taxes support social services to all
citizens
Command Economy
• Socialism (France, Canada)
–Equally distribute wealth is goal
–Public ownership of means of
production
• Typically found in democratic nations
• Ppl elect reps who make economic
decisions on their behalf
• Can be under range of free enterprise
–If you make a surplus, you can keep the extra
instead of “sharing” it
Command Economy
• Communism
– Equally distribute wealth, goods, get rid of
social classes (Marxism)
– Govn’t makes all economic decisions
• Typically by force/coercion, no voice of ppl
Communist Party
– Most decline w/o free decision making/
incentives (USSR)
– Ex’s: China & Vietnam now allow some free
enterprise to promote growth; North Korea
does not
Communism
(Command)
Socialism
Controlled by Government
government
controls
Basic
industries
Capitalism
(Demand)
Controlled
by
market
place