Transcript The Ancient Egyptians

Adapted from Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
(With permission)
Agriculture is the center of this
civilization too!
• Control water through irrigation
• River floods every September
• They settled near the river
because resources were
certainly abundant
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Fertile Nile Valley
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
The bigger you get, the
more organization you
need!!!!
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Political Organization…
• Menes (“first ruler”) united
• Unlike Mesopotamia, they were
unified early in their history
• Power is followed through 30
dynasties…or the 30 different
family lineages that ruled Egypt
for 2000+ years!
Organized power structure…
Organized power structure…
Gods
Pharoah
People
Make him
happy now!
Pharoah, how much do
we love you????
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid
of Khufu
The Valley of the Kings
Video on pyramids…
Where was
the power
centered?
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Social Organization…
• “a land of villages”…unlike
Mesopotamia
• Population = 1-1.5 million
Social Organization…
Ancient Egypt
Mesopotamia
• King/Pharaoh …
high level
administrators
• Professionals, priests,
lower level
bureaucrats
• Peasants
• Free, landowning
people
• Dependent farmers,
artisans, merchants
• slaves
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Women of Ancient Egypt…
• Subordinate and of the home
• Marriage rights and choice of husband
• No formal marriage (law nor
ceremony)
• Divorce and dowry…
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead
person’s heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your
KA, or soul-spirit
Materials Used in Mummification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linen
Sawdust
Lichen
Beeswax
Resin
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Natron
Onion
Nile Mud
Linen Pads
Frankinsense
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on
the “Solar Bark.”
A boat for the
journey is provided
for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus
Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife