Transcript Ladders and stairs - Waukesha County Technical College

Ladders and
Stairs
Hazards of ladders
• Falls
• Slips
• Reaching too far
• Weather
1a
Hazards of ladders
• Oil or grease on
a ladder
• Not secure
• Contact with
electricity
• Objects that fall from
ladders
1b
Hazards of stairs
• Clutter
• Slippery surfaces
• Damage
1c
Hazards of stairs
• Poor lighting
• Unsafe work
practices
1d
OSHA regulations
• General industry - 29 CFR 1910.24
through .27
• Construction –
29 CFR
1926 Subpart X
3a
Terms used in general industry
regulations
• Ladder
• Stepladder
• Type 1 - Industrial stepladder
• Type 2 - Commercial stepladder
4a
Terms used in general industry
regulations
• Type 3 - Household
stepladder
• Single ladder
• Extension ladder
• Fixed ladder
4b
Terms used in general industry
regulations
• Individual-rung ladder
• Rail ladder
• Cage
• Well
4c
Terms used in general industry
regulations
• Ladder safety device
• Grab bars
• Pitch
4d
Terms used in construction
regulations
• Portable ladder
• Fixed ladder
• Individual-rung/step ladders
• Job-made ladder
4e
Terms used in construction
regulations
• Single-cleat ladder
• Double cleat ladder
• Step stool
4f
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Materials used in the construction
• Length restrictions
• Spacing between rungs/steps
• Width between side rails
5a
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Non-skid
• Limits on overlap of sections on
extension ladders
• Stepladder spreaders or locking
devices
5b
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Materials used in the construction
• Length restrictions
• Spacing between rungs/steps
• Width between side rails
6a
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Non-skid
• Stepladder spreaders or
locking devices
• Load-carrying capacities
6b
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Materials used in the construction
• Load limitations
• Rungs and cleats
• Spacing between rungs/steps
7a
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Length of rungs/steps
• Clearance around the ladder
• Use of cages, wells, landing platforms,
ladder safety devices
7b
Portable ladder specifications
for general industry
• Grab bars
• Step-across distance to the landing
• Pitch or angle of the ladder
7c
Fixed ladder specifications for
the construction industry
• Load limitations
•
Side rails
• Non-skid
• Clearance around
the ladder
8a
Fixed ladder specifications for
the construction industry
• Use of cages, wells, ladder safety
devices, self-retracting lifelines
• Grab bars
• Step-across distance to the landing
8b
Fixed ladder specifications for
the construction industry
• Pitch or angle of
the ladder
8c
Safety devices for fixed
ladders in construction
• Safety devices/support systems must
be capable of withstanding a drop test
consisting of an 18-inch drop of a 500pound weight
• Safety device must be activated within
2 feet after a fall occurs
9a
Safety devices for fixed
ladders in construction
• Safety device must limit the fall
velocity of a worker to 7 feet/sec or
less
• Connection between the carrier/lifeline
and the point of attachment to the
harness must not exceed 9 inches
9b
Safety devices for fixed
ladders in construction
• Employees must be
able to use the
device leaving both
hands free for
climbing
9c
Ladder inspection
• Inspect ladders frequently
• Portable metal ladders must be
inspected immediately if it tips over
• Construction ladders are inspected by
a competent person
10a
Ladder inspection
• Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for
inspection
• Include inspections in preventative
maintenance schedules
10b
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Inspect the ladder for defects before
using it
• Select a ladder with adequate length
and load limits
• Do not use metal ladders near
electrical lines
11a
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Use ladders for their intended purpose
• Set up the ladder on a firm, solid
surface
• Keep ladders secured/barricaded
11b
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Keep areas around the top and bottom
of the ladder clear
• Open stepladders fully, and lock the
spreaders
• Set up straight ladders using the 4-to1 rule
11c
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Face ladders when
ascending/descending
• Use both hands to grip the side rails
whenever possible
• Only one person on a ladder at a time
11d
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Don’t stand on the top 2 steps of a
stepladder
• Never move a
portable ladder
with someone on it
11e
Precautions for safe ladder use
• Hoist material up to you when you’ve
reached the top of the ladder
• Work within the side rails
• Store ladders in designated areas
11f
Maintenance
• Remove ladders with structural
defects, corrosion, or defective parts
from service
• Tag ladders
“Do Not Use”
12a
Maintenance
• Repair ladders to the original design
• Have qualified
personnel make
repairs
12b
Staying safe on stairs
• Eliminate slippery conditions
• Clean up spills
• Keep free of ice
and snow
• Ensure proper
lighting in stair
areas
13a
Staying safe on stairs
• Use handrails
• Always walk up
and down stairs
- don’t run
13b
Staying safe on stairs
• Make sure you can see over materials
you
are carrying
on a stairway
• Report unsafe
conditions
13c