Transcript High School Sport - West Virginia University

High School: Community Sports
How Would You Justify High
School Sports?
A Funtionalist Perspective
Value of High School Sports
• Physical fitness
• Academic success: higher GPAs as
compared to non-athletes
• Builds character
• Higher educational and occupational levels
• Discipline
High School Sports: Current Issues
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Home Schools
Specialization: At What Cost?
Future Goals
SES
Budget Issues: How funded? Cost?
Officials: Burn out
Level competition: Corporate Sport
High School Sports Participation:
2006
• 7,159,904 (2005-06)
• Most Popular Sports
(Schools-Boys)
• Basketball-17,535
• Track and Field15,497
• Baseball- 15,290
• Football-13,727
• Most Popular Sports
(Schools- Girls)
• Basketball-17,275
• Track and field15,417
• Softball- 14,710
• Volleyball- 14,578
Value of High School Sport: Two
Models
• Pros
• 1) Opportunity for
students to compete
• 2) Supports mission of
school
• 3) Supports youth
development
• Cons
• 1) Validation of
grades
• 2) Academically
challenged students
may turn to home
schooling
• 3) Schools bring in
“Ringers”
1994-95: North Car. School Athletic
Association: Academic Performance
Athletes
Non-Athletes
GPA
2.86
1.96
Ave. number of
days missed
Discipline
referrals
Dropout rate
6.52 days
12.57 days
30.51%
40.29%
.7%
8.98%
Grad Rate
99.56%
94.66%
Texas High School Football(2004)
• 160,000 football players- grades 9-12
• For tickets, programs, travel, meals, merchandise:
fans spend at least $275 million a season
• In Dallas- Fort Worth area: 21 stadiums that seat
10,000 or more
• Est. 16,000-18,000 football coaches in Texas –
grades 7-12 ( College Athletics Clips, Sept.8,
2004)
Sports and Studies as Paths to
Success ( Coleman, 1961)
• High School: Competition for Recognition and
Respect
• Competition: Scholastic and Athletic Honor
• Respect: eyes of parents and peers
• Status: Family position, athletic achievement,
good grades, new car
• Athletic and Scholastic Achievement: Boys and
Girls
• “Leading Crowd: Parents Position
Coleman(1961) Adolescent
Society
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New Car
“Right” Family
“Star” Athlete
Extracurricular Activities
Good Grades
Rank Variables(5 high to 1 low)
Coleman et al.(1966) concluded
• Schools bring little influence to bear on the
child’s achievement that is independent of
his/her background and general social
context
• SES: Family income,parent’s educational
level, parent’s occupation
Socioeconomic
Status(SES):Predicts
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Grades
Achievement Scores
IQ test scores
Retention at grade levels
Truancy
Suspensions from school
High school dropouts
Plans for college attendance
NELS Data Data:1988
• Self concept( 13 var.): ( i.e.. I feel good about
myself)
• Locus of control: Good luck is more important
than hard work.
• SES data: father’s education level , mother’s
occupation, family income
• School climate: conflict between teachers, student
uniform required, degree students cut class,
vandalism, illegal drug use, student weapons
National Center for Education
Statistics: Dec. 1996
• 1988: 3 million students enrolled in 8th
grade
• By 1994: 5.2 % reported playing college
level sports for 4 years. Note: 2.2 % for
NCAA1 athletes
• High SES students were 10 times more
likely to play NCAA1 level.
Condition of
Education:1995(NELS)
• About 83 % of high school seniors
participated in at least one extracurricular
activity
• Participation in activities was relatively
similar across racial/ethnic groups
Home Schools
• Legal in all states( 1.5 m. home)
• Early Case: 1988 (Penn.) Parents Removed
gifted athlete from public school on
religious grounds. Coach wanted child to
play on team.
• Final Result: State Board of Ed - Local
School Districts decision
• 2010: 2 million students taught in home
Home Schools
• NCAA Eligibility:Required to meet the
same eligibility standards as other students
Published: August 29, 2010 3:00
a.m.
All that prepping, then no prep
team
Public high school teams, for
now, can’t have home-schoolers
Niki Kelly | The Journal Gazette
Indiana Home School- 2010
• Indiana : Home school students not allowed
to play on high school sports
• Issues, debate legislators:
• 18 states allow home schools to play in
public sports
• Recruiting, funding for public educationhead count, required number of classes for
eligibility
Sports Specialization
• Increase chance for
college athletic
scholarship
• May increase athletic
burnout
• Reduces the total
number of athletes
available to other
sports
High School Officials
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2001: National Survey (N=463)
Why Leave?
167 listed career/job demands
105 listed poor sportsmanship (participants)
96 listed poor sportsmanship (Spectators)
84 listed time away from family
High School Sports Communications
A Tall Order
Greg Oden( jr.) , Lawrence North High
School
High School Athletics: Do Jocks
Rule the School? (Farrey,1999)
• Impact of Columbine?
• ESPN Poll (1999): 800 high school
students- phone interviews
• 72% reported little or more tension between
athletes and non-athletes at their school
• 57% said: athletes bully non-athletes
• 71% said: football players cause most of the
problems
Where From Here?
New Models For Success?