Transcript スライド 1

Environmental Assessment and
Management Master Programs
in Japan
Two EAM final seminar
Graz, Sep. 23, 2010
Nishikizawa, Shigeo and Harashina, Sachihiko
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Outline of Presentation
Current situation of Japanese EA
EAM master programs in Japan
 Overview
 The EAM master program
at Tokyo Tech
Opinions of students
1
Current situation of
Japanese EA
Environmental
Assessment
in JAPAN
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ODA and Domestic
EA performance in Japan
ODA: EA regulation is advanced
・ New JICA (since 2008): GL amendment, 2010
・ Advanced system for environmental and social consideration
Application of SEA, More advanced transparency
Advisory Committee for Reviewing
Domestic: EA system is not so advanced
・EA is applied to only huge projects
・SEA provision is not established under the EA act
3
EA applications in Japan
In foreign countries
USA NEPA
30,000～50,000
* including under SEPA:
60,000～80,000
China
30,000
Taiwan
3,000
UK
1,000
(per year)
120
EA applications in Japan
100
Law
Local Ordi.
80
Japan
under EIA act
under Local ordi.
4
60
20
50
40
20
0
89 66
53
49 46 50
14 27 17 6
58
43
6 10 14 13
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
year
Why are there few numbers of EA
in Japan?
“Concise EA” is not established
EA is only applied for huge projects
Road
Dam
Highway
Ordinary
10km(4 lane) or more
20km(2 lane) or more
100ha
or more
Railway
Super express 10km
Conventional 10km
or more
or more
Landfill
30ha
or more
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EAM Master programs
in Japan
－ Overview －
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Env. Management Master programs
in Japanese Universities
Various type of the Environmental Management
master programs are provided:
c.f. The University of Tokyo:
Department of Environment Systems,
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
Osaka University:
Department of Sustainable Energy and
Environmental Engineering,
Graduate School of Engineering
Interdisciplinary concept: natural and social sciences
None of “Assessment program” is provided
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EA courses in Japanese Universities
94 courses are provided in 87 universities
11% of all Japanese universities (773)
Only 8 universities have them in Master programs
Based on the survey of JEAS, 2009
The 8 Master programs
2 programs are partially related to EAM
Hitotsubashi University ( Based on Sociology )
Meiji University
( Based on Law )
6 programs are related to EAM
The Open University of Japan, 1994-2009
provided 3 courses consecutively
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Three types of
6 EAM master programs
Interdisciplinary:
Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech)
Dep. of Environmental Science and Technology, 1998
Kyoto University
Dep. of Global Environmental Studies, 2002
Civil Engineering:
Iwate University
Meisei University
Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dep. of Environmental System
Social Science and Humanities:
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Tokyo City University
( Based on Geography )
( Based on Information Studies )
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EAM Master programs
in Japan
－ The EAM master program
at Tokyo Tech －
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Master programs
in Japanese Universities
Required period of master program
Standard period is 2 years
1 year master program is limitedly provided for
the Integrated Doctoral Education Program
Emphasis of the education
On master’s thesis rather than coursework
c.f. 30 credits ----- 22 credits : coursework
8 credits : seminar (thesis)
Jobs after graduation are diverse and some are not
so close to the concept of the department
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Curriculum at the Department of Environmental
Science and Technology, Tokyo Tech
Water Environment
✓Advanced Environmental
Hydraulics
Urban Environment
✓ Urban & Built Environmental
Engineering
✓ Open Channel
Hydraulics
Environmental
Planning & Policy
✓ Watershed
Hydrology
✓ Consensus Building in
Environmental Planning
✓ Advanced Urban
Environment
✓ Environmental
Turbulence
＊Environmental Impact Assessment
＊ Foundation of Environmental
＊Compulsory
Science and Technology
Subjects
✓Participatory Planning
✓Advanced Environmental
Policy Study
✓ Process Safety
✓ Radiation and
Management
the Environment
✓Material Cycle Analysis
✓ Structural Materials
Material & Energy
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Environmental Planning and Policy Unit
― Highlight: 4 courses ―
•Environmental Impact Assessment (compulsory subject)
Prof. Harashina, Nishikizawa and others
✓ Consensus Building in Environmental Planning, Prof. Harashina
Keywords: consensus building, dispute resolution,
mediation
✓Participatory Planning,
Assoc. Prof. Nishikizawa
Keywords: public participation methodology,
conference design, facilitation
✓Advanced Environmental Policy Study
Government Officers at Ministry of Environment
Keywords: planning administration, environmental regulation,
global environmental issues etc
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Outline of EA course
in master program at Tokyo Tech
～ 2010 spring semester ～
Class. 1: Sustainable Development
Class. 2: What is EA?
Class. 3: Screening
Class. 4: Scoping
Class. 5:Public participation & communication
Class. 6-10:Impact prediction: air, water, landscape, animal, waste
Class.11:Evaluation
Class.12: Legal framework & case study: Japan
Class.13:SEA
Class.14:Capacity Development for EA
Class.15: SIA for International Cooperation
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Opinions of students
A Questionnaire Survey
to students who took the EA course
in the master program at Tokyo Tech.,
spring semester, 2010
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Q1: Effects of learning the EA course
effective
somewhat
effective
don’t know
somewhat
ineffective
ineffective
⑧Getting interest in EA
⑦Contribution to own research
⑥Enhancing the expertise of
the environmental problems
⑤Getting mindset of Env. experts
④Spreading perspective of the
Env. problems
③Better understanding of the
Technical aspects in EA
②Better understanding of the
laws & procedures in EA
①Better understanding of the
General EA
0%
(N=51, 2010 survey)
25%
50%
75%
100%
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Q2
What should be taught in EA course?
should be
increase
should be
somewhat increase
relevant
should be
somewhat decrease
should be
decrease
④Variety of evaluation items
in EA
③Case studies
②EA laws & procedures
①Technical aspects in EA
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(N=51, 2010 survey)
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Q3
Should it be taught compulsorily?
No
7%
Examples of opinions:
Yes or somewhat Yes
Somewhat
No
12%
15%
Don’t know
20%
Somewhat
Yes
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Fundamental knowledge as an environmental
engineer/problem
Yes
46%
EA is related with multiple fields
…etc
Examples of opinions:
no or somewhat No
It is not directly related to research of an
engineering work.
(N=41) Compulsion lowers motivation
…etc
Q4
Questions related to job search
Yes
Somewhat Yes
Don’t know
Somewhat No
No
①want to get the
EA-related job after the
end of a master course
②usefulness of the EA
course after obtaining
a job
③want to take an
internship at EA-related
companies
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Q5
Experience of learning EA
during the undergraduate program
Have you learned about EA
at undergraduate?
Don’t know
4%(2)
Yes
33%
(17)
No
63%
(32)
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How did you learn?
Others
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Lecture
14
Thesis,
Self-learning,
etc
References
Harashina , Sachihiko: Environmental Assessment Related
Higher Education in Japan: An overview, TwoEA-M project
seminar in Seoul, 2009
Nishikizawa , Shigeo: Environmental Assessment Related
Higher Education in Japan: What are the main sources/
references for teaching?, TwoEA-M project seminar in
Seoul, 2009
ー> See: Two-EAM HP -> Events -> conference in Seoul
http://www.twoeam-eu.net/
Japan Environment Assessment Society(JEAS), JEAS news
autumn, no.124, 2009 (in Japanese)
The Open University of Japan
http://www.u-air.ac.jp/eng/figures.html
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