Transcript Seasonal Occurrence of Marine Ornamental Fishes Tuticorin

MARINE ORNAMENTAL
FISHES
Dr.B.AHILAN, Ph.D
Associate Professor
Dept. of Aquaculture
Fisheries College and Research Institute
Thoothukudi
Ornamental sponges
Clathria Bowl sponge
neptune's cup sponge
Red sponge, Amphimedeon
IMPORTANT FAMILIES
 Acanthuridae
 Balistidae
 Scaridae
 Labridae
 Syngnathidae
 Chaetodontidae
 Haemulidae
 Pomacanthidae
:12 species
: 8
: 9
: 6
: 6
: 15
: 3
: 3
IMPORTANT FAMILIES
contd..
 Triacanthidae
: 3 species
 Monacanthidae
: 2
 Scorpaenidae
: 2
 Theraponidae
: 2
 Diodontidae
: 1
 Caesionidae
: 1
 Dasyatidae
: 1
 Grammastidae
: 1
(Pogonoperca punctata)
 Malacanthidae
: 1
 Zanculidae
: 1
Families contd…
 Ostracidae (Tetrasomus, Lactaria)
 Tetradontidae
Food fishes / not considered as ornamentals
 Lutjanidae
 Serranidae (Epinephelus group)
 Siganidae
 Nemipteridae
 Mullidae
Syngnathidae
 Pipe fishes and seahorses
 Small in size
 Pipe fishes: long and slender with bony exterior
 Seahorses: Horse like;brood pouch in male
 Pectoral, anal and caudal fins absent
 Feed - zooplankton, copepods, isopods and
amphipods
 Seahorse four species(Lipton, 1996)
 Hippocampus kuda, H. fuscus, H. trimaculatus,
(H. histrix), H. spinifera
 Schedule 1 of Wild Life Protection Act
Hippocampus kuda
Scorpion fishes
 Mostly venomous
 Most popular aquariculture sp
 About 30cm
 Color red, brown or gray
 Feed - crabs and small fishes
 Nocturnal
 Pterois volitans
Pterois volitans-red lion fish
Pseudochromidae
 Small
 Lives under boulders
 Pseudochromis and Acanthochromis
Chaetodontidae
 World wide 113 sp
 Feed - coral, algae, small benthic
invertebrates
 Monogamy
 Chaetodon, Heniochus
 Small buoyant eggs
 Hatching 24-48 hrs
Chaetodon collare
Pomacanthidae
 Angel fishes
 Stout backward projecting spine on the lower
edge of operculum
 Centropage- small in size - <8cm Feed algae
 Form harems of single dominant male and
several females
 Pomacanthus relatively larger- 40-45cm
 Feed-sponge supplemented with algae,
tunicates
 Monogamous
 P. annularis, P. imperator
Pomacanthus annularis
Pomacanthus semicirculatus
Pomacanthus
Pomacentridae
 Damsel fishes- anemone fishes
 The tentacles touch, poison, and kill fish except for the
clown fish.
 Protects the clown fish from predators.
 Chromis - Guards a small plot of turf for feeding
 Abudefduf
 Amphiprion: 100- 500 eggs deposited on firm substrate
 Parental care-guards the egg
 Egg predation-wrasses and butterfly fishes
Amphiprion clarkii
Amphiprion sebae
Chromis sp
Abudefduf sexfasciatus
Clown fish in
anemones
Labridae
 Wrasses
 Iniistius [Xyrichthys], Thalassoma , Coris
 Eats eggs of damsel fish
 Omnivorous
 Feed-crabs, shrimps, Polychaetes, Zooplankton
 Harem found in Labroides - single dominant
male followed by several females
Iniistius pavo
Coris formosa
Scaridae
Parrot fishes
Fussed jaw teeth
Feed - coral polyps
Scarus gibbus
Chlorurus gibbus (Scarus gibbus)
Gobiidae
 World species exceed 1600
 Wide distribution- fw, estuarine, coral reefs
 Cryptocentrus obliquus-pink spot shrimp
goby
 Omnivorous
 Easy to maintain
 Makes protective burrows
 Lays eggs in clusters-guard by parents
 Successfully bred
Cryptocentrus leptocephalus (C.obliquus)
Acanthuridae
 Surgeon fish
 Acanthurus, Naso, Zebrasoma
 Bony, knife like structure in the middle of the
tail.
 Naso- two spines
Acanthurus leucosternon
Naso brevirostris
Zebrasoma veliferum
Balistidae
 Triggerfish
 Odonus niger - highly abundant
 Feeds- sea urchin, starfish,crabs and
shrimps
 Size>30cm
Odonus niger
Balistoides viridescens
Rare Species
 Zanculus cornutus
 Bolbometopon muricatum
 Pogonoperca punctata
 Low population, Low fecundity
 Coral destruction
 High natural mortality
 Predation
Zanculus cornutus
Porcuppine fish
Box fishes Ostracion
BREEDING METHODS
 Egg depositors
: Clown fishes
 Mouth Brooder
: Apogonids
 Pouch breeders
: Sea horses
 Egg scatterers
 Problem in Breeding
 Breeding Successful - Sea horses, Anemone
fishes, Chaetodon, Pseudochromis, Gobiosoma
sp
BREEDING
contd
 Technology not reliable or inefficient
to sustain
as an
industry
 Srilanka- Natural collection and marketing for 50 sp
 India - Damselfish, Amphiprion sebae, A. chrysogaster,
Hippocampus kuda
 Egg scatters are difficult to breed
 Butterfly fish, Angel fish, Wrasses -more difficult to raise
 Low fecundity
 Non availability of quality live feed
 Thermoregulation for breeding
 Daily checking of pairing
FISHERY
 Least exploited
 Gears
Lift net
Seine net
Scoop net
Traps
Hand picking – skin divers
Stupefying methods / icthyocides cyanide, clove oil
 Crevice dwellers and Caverns- no specific
fishing method
CHOOSING A RIGHT FISH FOR
AQUARIUM
 Avoidance of sensitive sp
 Stocking compatible sp
 Less fish stock-easily feeding – Anemone fishes,
Gobids
 Communal living (different type feeders)
 Stocking cheap varieties
 Segregating big predators (Grouper)
THANK YOU