Transcript Unit 31 - Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations

Understand how
public health is
promoted and
protected
Unit 31 LO3
Part Two P7
Understand how public health is promoted
and protected
Learning
Outcome - The
learner will:
Assessment Criteria
Pass The learner can:
Understand
how public
health is
promoted
and
protected
P5
Explain the role of
health promotion in
improving public health
P6
Explain how public
health is protected
P7
Describe methods
used to prevent or
control a named
communicable and a
named non
communicable disease
Merit – in
addition to the
pass criteria
the learner
can:
Distinction –
in addition to
the pass and
merit criteria
the learner can
D2
Evaluate how a
health
promotion
campaign has
impacted on
UK public
health
Communicable and Non communicable
diseases – P7
•
•
•
•
Communicable
Caught from others
Spread by micro
organisms
Any life stage and
recover fairly quickly
Transmitted through a
vector – air, water,
direct contact, food or
parasite
Non communicable
• Not caught
• Includes
degenerative,
deficiency, inherited
and diseases
associated with
lifestyle and
environment
You will have a better assignment if you
choose diseases that you can find primary
evidence for or you have already researched!
Communicable – choose one from
the left hand side box
• Tuberculosis
• Sexually transmitted
diseases (e.g.
Chlamydia)
• Meningitis
• Salmonella food
poisoning
• MRSA
• Poliomyelitis
• Measles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Treatments
Immunisation
Health campaigns
Monitoring
Screening
Local and national
education
programmes and
initiatives.
Tuberculosis
Whooping
Cough
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Find out
which
bacterium
cause these
diseases.
Dysentery
Bacteria
Syphilis
Cholera
Tetanus
Hepatitis
Chlamydia
Rabies
Find out
which viruses
cause these
diseases.
Measles
Small pox
Virus
Influenza
HIV
Poliomyelitis
Athletes Foot
“farmers lung”
Find out
which fungal
spores cause
these
diseases.
Fungus
Ringworm
Thrush
Diseases and vectors
Poor living conditions
• Cholera and typhoid –
contaminated water
• Salmonella – faeces
on food
• Amoebic dysentery
• Asbestosis
• Lyme Disease – ticks
• Typhus – lice and
fleas
Malnutrition
• Vitamin deficiencies
• Low calorie count
• Coeliacs
Chlamydia
• Viral infection sexually
transmitted = Chlamydia
trachomatis
• Majority of infections are
asymptomatic
• Free testing for those up
to 25 years old
• Treatment – course of
antibiotics
• chlamydia update 2013
Chlamydia screening can prevent
transmission
Infection
End of infection
with screening
End of infection
without
screening
Natural clearance
Screening
test
Chlamydia not passed
on to sexual partner
Develop
symptoms/complications,
treated
900,000
20%
800,000
700,000
15%
600,000
500,000
10%
400,000
300,000
5%
200,000
100,000
0%
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total tests (F)
Total tests (M)
% positive (F)
% positive (M)
Number of tests
Proportion testing positive
Number of tests and proportion
testing positive by gender
(NCSP tests)
25%
1,000,000
Attitudes by testing status
The internet testing
pathway
Please call
us to get
your
chlamydia
test result.
Laboratory
Proportion testing positive
What proportion of tests were
positive?
12%
9.9%
10%
8%
8.1%
8.0%
7.3%
5.7%
6%
5.6%
4%
2%
0%
Internet
GP
Males
SRH
Internet
GP
Females
SRH
• measles and chlamydia data April 2013
Non communicable – choose one
from the left hand side box
•
•
•
•
Skin cancer
Lung cancer
Bowel cancer
Coronary heart
disease
• Stroke
• Diabetes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Treatments
Immunisation
Health campaigns
Monitoring
Screening
Local and national
education
programmes and
initiatives.
From Cancer Research UK
• Malignant melanoma incidence is strongly inversely
related to deprivation in the UK; it is one of the few
cancers where incidence rates are lower for more
deprived men and women and there is a clear trend of
decreasing rates from the least to the most deprived.2124 The most recent England-wide data for 2000-2004
show European AS incidence rates are 122% higher for
men living in the least deprived areas compared with the
most deprived, and 116% higher for women.21 It has
been estimated that there would have been an additional
2,000 new malignant melanoma cancer cases each year
in England during 2000-2004 if all men and women had
experienced the same incidence rates as the most
affluent.21
http://www.cancerresearchuk.org
• In 2010, 40,695 people in the UK were
diagnosed with bowel cancer.
• In 2011 there were 15,659 deaths from
bowel cancer in the UK.
• In 2005-2009, around 55% of adult
bowel cancer patients (54% of men and
56% of women) in England survived
their cancer for five years or more.
• Bowel cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the
UK.
• Around 40,700 people were diagnosed with bowel
cancer in 2010 in the UK, that’s around 110 people
every day.
• In 2010, around 22,800 men were diagnosed with bowel
cancer in the UK making it the third most common
cancer in men after prostate and lung cancer.
• Bowel cancer is the third most common cancer in
women after lung cancer and breast cancer, with
around 17,900 new cases diagnosed in the UK in 2010.
• More than 8 in 10 bowel cancer cases occur in people
aged 60 and over.
• Bowel cancer incidence rates have remained relatively
stable for over a decade.
• In Europe (EU27) there were around 334,000 new cases
of bowel cancer diagnosed in 2008.
• Worldwide, an estimated 1.24 million new cases of
bowel cancer were diagnosed in 2008.
• Four randomised controlled trials showed that population
screening with the faecal occult blood test (FOBT) every two
years has the potential to reduce colorectal mortality by
between15% and 18% in people aged 45-74.1-4
• Those who attend screening have a 25% reduction in their
risk of dying from colorectal cancer.4,5
• Uptake of the FOBT in the pilots was 57%. The rate of
colorectal cancer detection was 1.62 per 1,000 people
screened.
• The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme was phased
in over three years in England starting in 2006 for people
aged 60-69. The English and Welsh programmes are
gradually extending to men and women aged 70-74.
• Men and women are to be invited to participate every two
years by using FOBT kits in their own homes and returning
them to laboratories for analysis. In England people aged
over the target age group can opt-in to the scheme and
request a FOBT kit.
• Approximately 2% of tests are positive and further
investigation, (colonoscopy), is offered. Most people with a
positive test result will not have cancer .
Arthritis
• Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
• Treatment – GP, Consultant, Physiotherapy,
Occupational therapy
• Treatment – pain killers, anti inflammatory,
complimentary, surgery
• 10 minute slide show for arthritis - Arthritis care
• New data emphasise the need for a national
public health approach to address osteoarthritis |
Arthritis Research UK
Report Oct 2013
Understanding public health
P7
• Choosing your own methods of presenting
the information produce materials that
describe ONE communicable and ONE non
communicable disease.
• You should include the causes and impact on
health
• You should show how they are prevented
and controlled.
• Use a wide variety of sources to illustrate
your materials.