Transcript 1a: Grelb: Found in oceans worldwide including the kelp

What is a Fish?
Frogfish
Hairy Frogfish
Goosefish
Oarfish
Antlered Sculpin
Cowfish
Blobfish
Coffin Fish
Fangtooth
Lizardfish
Prickly Shark
Umbrella Mouth
Historic definition:
Larger animals that
live in the water
Toadfish
Rockfish
Cuttlefish
Starfish
Jellyfish
Shellfish
Crawfish
Phylogenetic
definition:
Vertebrates that occupy the
phylogenetic position between
cephalocordates (lancelets) and
amphibians
Amphioxus
Sea Lancelet
Poison
Dart Frog
Anatomic Definitions:
Cold blooded
vertebrates with gills
and fins
Cold Blooded ?
Gills
Feet!
Fin
Lamprey
Is this a fin?
Strictly aquatic craniate vertebrates
typically with an elongated or
somewhat spindle-shaped
body terminating in a broad caudal
fin, limbs in the form of fins when
present at all, and a 2-chambered
heart by which blood is sent
through thoracic gills to be
oxygenated
Strictly aquatic craniate vertebrates
typically with an elongated or
somewhat spindle-shaped
body terminating in a broad caudal
fin, limbs in the form of fins when
present at all, and a 2-chambered
heart by which blood is sent
through thoracic gills to be
oxygenated
Rivulus
Mangrove Forest
Strictly Aquatic ?
Strictly aquatic craniate vertebrates
typically with an elongated or
somewhat spindle-shaped
body terminating in a broad caudal
fin, limbs in the form of fins when
present at all, and a 2-chambered
heart by which blood is sent
through thoracic gills to be
oxygenated
Spindle Shape
Broad Caudal
Strictly aquatic craniate vertebrates
typically with an elongated or
somewhat spindle-shaped
body terminating in a broad caudal
fin, limbs in the form of fins when
present at all, and a 2-chambered
heart by which blood is sent
through thoracic gills to be
oxygenated
2 Chambered ?
Aristotle:
384-322 BC
Aristotle’s (Greek philosopher and scientist) definition in “Historia Animalium” 340 BC: To
begin with, fishes have a head, dorsal and ventral sides; in the last named situation are
placed the belly and viscera; and at the rear fishes have a tail which is continuous and
undivided, but not identical in all fishes. No fish has a neck, or any limb, or testicles
anywhere internally or externally and no breasts. Fish have two peculiarities, gills and
fins: they first take in water through the mouth and then expel it through the gills: most
fishes have four fins, though the elongated ones, such as the eel, have only two, and
these are situated near the gills. Similarly the various species of gray mullet have two; so
has the tape-fish. Some of the elongated fishes have no fins at all, e.g., the muraena,
and their gills are not well articulated like those of other fishes.
Of those which have gills, some have coverings on them, though none of the Selachia
has any such covering. All which have this covering have their gills placed at the side;
whereas among selachia the broad ones have them down below the ventral surface
(examples are the torpedo fish and the ray); the elongated ones have them on the sides
(examples are all the dogfish). The fishing-frog has them placed at the side, and
covered, not with a spiny covering as in the non-selachians, but with a covering
consisting of skin.
Fishes differ from other animals otherwise than in possessing gills. Unlike viviparous land
animals they have no hair, and unlike some of the oviparous quadrupeds they have no
horny scales, and unlike birds they have no feathers. Generally they are covered with
ordinary scales, though a few are rough skinned, and a very small number are smoothskinned; to the smooth skinned also belong the conger, the eel, and the tunny.
Organs of sensation. Fishes have none of these, at least none observable, except eyesneither the organ itself nor corresponding passages for hearing or smell. But they all
have eyes, without eyelashes, though their eyes are not hard. The whole tribe of fishes
is blooded. Some are viviparous: the scaly ones are oviparous; all the selachia, except
the fishing frog, are viviparous.
Aristotle’s (Greek philosopher and scientist) definition in “Historia Animalium” 340 BC: To
begin with, fishes have a head, dorsal and ventral sides; in the last named situation are
placed the belly and viscera; and at the rear fishes have a tail which is continuous and
undivided, but not identical in all fishes. No fish has a neck, or any limb, or testicles
anywhere internally or externally and no breasts. Fish have two peculiarities, gills and
fins: they first take in water through the mouth and then expel it through the gills:
most fishes have four fins, though the elongated ones, such as the eel, have only two,
and these are situated near the gills. Similarly the various species of gray mullet have
two; so has the tape-fish. Some of the elongated fishes have no fins at all, e.g., the
muraena, and their gills are not well articulated like those of other fishes.
Of those which have gills, some have coverings on them, though none of the Selachia
has any such covering. All which have this covering have their gills placed at the side;
whereas among selachia the broad ones have them down below the ventral surface
(examples are the torpedo fish and the ray); the elongated ones have them on the sides
(examples are all the dogfish). The fishing-frog has them placed at the side, and
covered, not with a spiny covering as in the non-selachians, but with a covering
consisting of skin.
Fishes differ from other animals otherwise than in possessing gills. Unlike viviparous land
animals they have no hair, and unlike some of the oviparous quadrupeds they have no
horny scales, and unlike birds they have no feathers. Generally they are covered with
ordinary scales, though a few are rough skinned, and a very small number are smoothskinned; to the smooth skinned also belong the conger, the eel, and the tunny.
Organs of sensation. Fishes have none of these, at least none observable, except
eyes-neither the organ itself nor corresponding passages for hearing or smell. But
they all have eyes, without eyelashes, though their eyes are not hard. The whole tribe of
fishes is blooded. Some are viviparous: the scaly ones are oviparous; all the selachia,
except the fishing frog, are viviparous.
Neck ?
Limbs ?
Testes!
In through the Mouth?
Muraena: No Fins?
Ears ?
Smell?
The Biology of Fishes
class definition
(Anatomic):
“Fish are animals
with fins and internal
gills in their adult
form”
Gill
Issues
(“Internal Gills”)
Gills
Fin
Why “internal gills” ?
Bichir
Why
“in the
adult
form”?
Fin
Issues
(What is a fin?)
Fin: An organ consisting of a
membrane supported by rays,
or little bony or cartilaginous
ossicles, and serving to
balance and propel an
organism in the water
Bony Fish
Caudal Fin
Hypural
Bones
Lepidotrichia
Shark
Caudal Fin
Neural
Arch
Hemal
Arch
Dermal
Rays
Lamprey
Is this a fin?
Internal
Gills
Fin ?
The Biology of Fishes
class definition
(Anatomic):
“Fish are animals
with fins and internal
gills in their adult
form”
Quizzzz Wednesday
The Biology of Fishes
class definition
(Anatomic):
“Fish are vertebrate
animals with fins and
internal gills in their
adult form”
For the following
description of an
animal, answer
“Yes, it could be a fish”,
or
“No, it cannot be a fish”.
Explain your answer!
Grelb: Found in oceans worldwide
including the kelp forests of coastal
California, this species,
(Mola
Grebulon
mola,mostracus) ,
drifts through the seas propelled
primarily by ocean currents. They have
large triangular fins that they use for
steering and for directing themselves
toward their favorite food, the
jellyfish. Their gills are protected
from jellyfish nematocysts by fine gill
rakers that line the pharyngeal side of
the gill arches.
Mola mola