Transcript Chapter 23

Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS
AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

Motives for Exploration

Portuguese
Exploration
Caravan traveling from
China to Europe,
Catalan Atlas ca. 1375
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

Motives for Exploration
Portuguese Exploration
 The Lure of Trade
 Missionary Efforts

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

The Technology of Exploration

Navigational Instruments
Mariner using cross staff
to determine latitude.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

The Technology of Exploration
Navigational Instruments
 Knowledge of Winds and Currents
 The volta do mar

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

Voyages of Exploration:
From the Mediterranean
to the Atlantic
European Exploration
in the Atlantic Ocean,
1486-1498 C.E.
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

Voyages of Exploration: From the
Mediterranean to the Atlantic
Prince Henry of Portugal
 Vasco da Gama
 Christopher Columbus
 Hemispheric Links

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

The European Reconnaissance of the
World’s Oceans

Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to
the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan
 The Circumnavigation
 Exploration of the Pacific
 Captain James Cook

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

Trading-Post Empires
Portugese Trading Posts
 Afonso d’Alboquerque
 English and Dutch Trading Posts
 The Trading Companies

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

European Conquests in Southeast Asia
Conquest of the Philippines
 Manila
 Conquest of Java

The City of Batavia,
ca. 1650
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia

Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War
Competition and Conflict
 The Seven Years’ War
 British Hegemony

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Global Exchanges

The Columbian Exchange
Biological Exchanges
 Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline
 Food Crops and Animals
 American Crops

American crops
unknown to Europe
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Global Exchanges

The Columbian Exchange
Biological Exchanges
 Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline
 Food Crops and Animals
 American Crops
 Population Growth

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Global Exchanges

The Columbian Exchange
Biological Exchanges
 Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline
 Food Crops and Animals
 American Crops
 Population Growth
 Migration

Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Global Exchanges

The Origins of Global Trade
Transoceanic Trade
 The Manila Galleons

Spanish galleons off
coast of Acapulco
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Sources From The Past:
Christopher Columbus’s First
Impression of American Peoples
“They are very gentle and do not know what evil is; nor
do they kill others, nor steal; and they are without
weapons and so timid that a hundred of them flee from
one of our men even if our men are teasing them...”
- Christopher Columbus
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter Twenty-Three:
Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections

Sources From The Past:
Afonso D’Alboquerque Seizes Hormuz
“And when Afonso saw… the unexpected victory that
Our Lord had sent him and the Moors throwing
themselves into the sea from fear of our artillery…
[Afonso] called out to the captains to take their boats
and follow up the victory.”
- Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque
Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.