Transcript What happens to rainwater after it reaches the Earth’s

Brain pop
What happens to rainwater after it
reaches the Earth’s surface?
Storage
Evaporation and Transpiration
(Evapotranspiration)
Runoff
What’s it called when water is
absorbed by the ground?
What happens to water after it
infiltrates the ground?
Water occupies distinct zones
What do you need for infiltration to
occur?
Think about factors that will allow water
to INFILTRATE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Factors that Affect Infiltration
Permeable
Unsaturated
Gentle (flat) slope of land
Vegetation
Land Use
Rate of precipitation less than
Infiltration
Factors that affect runoff
The ground must be porous
and permeable
What happens to water after it
infiltrates the ground?
Water occupies distinct zones
Water occupies distinct zones
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthg
uide/diagrams/groundwater/index.
html
water table animation
Where does our drinking water come from
We get our water from water towers.
New York City gets their water from upstate
reservoirs
People Drill wells for drinking water
Is ground water good to drink? YES because it is
filtered as it sinks down.
Wells are drilled deep enough to reach water
this varies throughout.
Remember the water table rises and falls.
Wells are drilled deep enough to
reach water this varies throughout.
Remember the water table rises and
falls.
What if it runs dry? Dig deeper or use
less water.
Streams and Groundwater
Ever wonder why many streams, rivers, ponds,
and lakes always have water in them even during
dry periods? Where is the water coming from?
Because streams get water from the
underground when it’s moist.
?
Excess water called?
Surplus: Excess amount of water
flow. When?
Little or no water
Deficit: Decrease in water flow.
When does this occur?
Discharge: Amount of water in a
body of water, rises and falls.
Where does the water go from
runoff and small streams?
WATERSHED/ drainage Basin.
If it rains in Utica, into
which body of water will
the runoff flow into?
How about Massena
WATERSHED/ drainage Basin.
Location A is in the zone of ___________?
While location B is in the zone of ______?
A
B
How did the water get from A to B?
What characteristics of the soil
allowed the water to move down?
When is the water able to infiltrate
the soil?
The soil must have pores
When is the water able to infiltrate the
soil?
The movement of water is controlled by
the characteristics of the soil
Porosity
Which one has more pore spaces?
Which one has bigger pore spaces?
When is water able to infiltrate the
soil?
Water is able to infiltrate when there
are many openings or PORES.
Which one has more pore spaces?
Which ones are bigger?
Porosity determines how much water
or air a rock can hold.
Factors that affect porosity
Now which one has more pore spaces?
The porosity of loose material such as
soil depends on several things.
shape
uniformity of sizes
packing
The best particles are round, same size
(well sorted), and loosely packed
So what type of soil does
not have good porosity?
Flat
Different sizes
Tightly packed
Important: Grain size has no effect
on porosity as long as the shape is
the same and size is uniform.
Permeability: Speed at which water
flows through soil. This increases
with bigger pore spaces
Here size does matter, bigger is
better.
Which one has greater permeability
If you had a well what size particles
would you want in your backyard
to increase permeability?
Which size would you not want?
http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/m
odule06/Percolation.html
permeability demo
Capillarity is the ability of water to move
upward into tiny spaces between soil.
Water is able to move upward because of
the attraction between water molecules and
the surfaces of the soil particles.
This works best with small particles
because there is more surface area to
attach to.
Capillarity is the ability of water to move
upward into tiny spaces between soil.
Water is able to move upward because of
the attraction between water molecules and
the surfaces of the soil particles.
This works best with small particles
because there is more surface area to
attach to.
Which one has the greatest capillarity,
permeability, Porosity? Runoff?
Infiltration
Monsoons
Monsoons
Monsoons: Seasonal Winds
Monsoons
During what time of year does this occur?
El Nino/La Nina:
Name the Ocean Current located here
http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/g
eoanimations/animations/26_NinoNin
a.html
el nino animation
Under Normal conditions, in the Pacific,
cold water up-wells from the deep along
the coast of south America.
During the winter around Christmas, there is a
warm ocean current from the equator that
invades and warms the water off S.A. for a
month of so.
http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/g
eoanimations/animations/26_NinoNin
a.html
el nino animation
List some factors that affect the climate of
an area
Graph them
Which City would have a cooler winter?
Which would have a warmer summer? Why
A.
B.
What latitudes worldwide
experience a mostly wet climate?
Why?
Planetary Winds: Prevailing winds
and rising air currents
El Nino or Normal conditions?
Water occupies distinct zones