Transcript UNIT 2 CLASSIFICATION

ASSESSMENT OF THE COURSE
• a) EXAM SECTION I (U 1-5) : 30 points
VIDEO test: during Practical Session 5(U6)
• b) EXAM SECTION II (U6-9): 30 points = 9th JAN
• c) ESSAYS + ACTIVE PARTICIPATION: 20 points
– ESSAY 2 (UNITS 4-5): DEADLINE: 14th NOV
– ESSAY 3 (SECTION II): DEADLINE : 5th DECEMBER
• d) ORAL SECTION: 20 points
ORAL PRESENTATIONS(20 p)
TOPIC
ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT
Task development
• Short talk (3-4 minutes) (10p)
• After each presentation,
– Another student will ask one question about your
presentation (5p)
– I will ask one question about your presentation to
another student (5p).
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
EXTERNAL
• Body language
– be relaxed,
– positive attitude,
– eye contact
• Voice
–
–
–
–
pitch and volume,
speed,
intonation,
short pauses
• Be a presenter, not a reader (use only notes)
• Enunciate key words
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
CONTENT
• Organization (topic + overview of parts of the talk)
• Use simple vocabulary & language:
– no complex sentences
– Stress key words (nouns, verbs, adjectives)
– Voice: loudness, speed, pitch, or pauses to indicate importance,
and to avoid sounding monotonous
• Have it clear and make points clear
– Make yourself understandable
– Rephrase main ideas
– Give examples
• Use connecting devices/ transition expressions
– Clearly differentiate parts of the talk
– Use logical connectors to express ideas
– In the conclusion, summarise main points
PARTS OF A PRESENTATION
• INTRODUCTION
• BODY
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
•Serves to familiarise audience with your voice
• Draws the audience’s interest
• Sets the tone for the rest of your presentation
• People listens in the beginning; in the middle attention drops to
around 10-20%. At the end, people listen again, particularly if you
announce your conclusions
• The beginning is THE moment to draw the audience’s attention.
• If you want to get your message through, state it loud and clear in the
beginning, and repeat it at the end.
• Use common language
INTRODUCTION
• Introduce yourself
• Introduce TOPIC in a single sentence
•I’d like to talk today about
•I’m going to talk about/explain/describe/present
•The subject/topic of my talk/presentation is
•This talk/presentation is about/deals with/focuses on
• Outline MAIN PARTS
•I’ve divided my presentation into 4 parts. They are
•This presentation consists of/ comprises / includes the following aspects/points
•First, second, next, then, finally
• TRANSITION between introduction and body
•
•
Now let us turn to point one.
Let us now move on to the second part
BODY
• Content. What information you include
• Quantity. How much information. Don’t forget to
illustrate through examples.
• Sequence your ideas.
• Signal where you are. Announce what you are going to
say and indicate when you have finished one point.
• Linking ideas, sections/making transitions Indicate
the end of one section and the beginning of the next.
– That's all I would like to say about XXX and now let us turn to ....
– Now that we've seen... let us turn to…
• Be clear and concrete
• MOVING TO A NEW ASPECT
BODY
– With respect to, as regards
– In this respect, as for
– Let’s now move on to
• EMPHASIZING:
–
–
–
–
Observe, note that
Pay special attention to the fact that / in particular, especially
I’d like to draw your attention to
I’d like to remark/point out/emphasize/highlight
• EXEMPLIFYING
– A good example/ illustration of this is
– As an example/ illustration
– For example / for instance
• COMPARING
–
–
–
–
Similarly, in this way, in this sense
By contrast, as opposed to this, unlike this
The main advantages over
In comparison with, as compared to
• ADDING INFO:In addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, What’s more
•
REPHRASING: In other words, that is
CONCLUSION
• SUMMARISE main points
–
–
–
–
Finally / as main conclusion
To finish, let me summarise the most important points
I’d like to conclude by saying
To sum up, in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up
• THANKS to the audience for listening,
– Thank you very much for your attention
• INVITATION to ask questions
– I’ll be glad to answer any questions
– If there are any questions please feel free to ask.
A,B,C of ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
ACCURACY
BREVITY
CLARITY
Delivery tips
• Begin by telling what your topic is and what you will be
covering.
• Avoid reading
• Speak in a clear, audible voice , not too fast or too slowly
• Use common language and simple sentences
• Stress and pause at key points.
• Make eye contact with the audience.
• If you use PowerPoint avoid speaking to the screen instead
of to the audience.
• Never turn your back on the audience and avoid walking in
front of the projector
• At the end of your presentation, summarize your main points
• Adhere strickly to your time limit.
VISUAL AIDS
• Simple and uncluttered
– Avoid full sentences
– Text to minimum: no more than 8-12 lines
• Layout & Letters: size, font, colours
– Size: 32-24. Use different sizes for different types of
text (headings, subheadings, …).
– Use CAPITAL LETTERS, bold face, italics,
underlining, to highlight.
• Don't display too much information, too
many colours
• How many?: 3 or 4
– Too many slides is worse than none at all
VISUAL AIDS
• Be careful with colours & size
• Light colours are much less clear
– This is not acceptable
– grey, green, orange, brown, blue
• FONT SIZE
• This is quite clear (32)
• This is clear (28)
• This is acceptable for level 3 (24)
• Only if necessary (20)
AFTER THE PRESENTATION
• How did you feel during the presentation?
• Are you satisfied with your performance?
• Which aspects were you most comfortable
with?
• Which aspects were you most uncomfortable
with?
POSSIBLE TOPICS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Generation of electricity
Electric motors
Electromagnetism
The generator
Devices which run on electricity
The cell
Types of power plants
Energy from fossil fuels
Advantages & disadvantages of
conventional energy systems
Renewable vs non renewable energy
sources
Renewable energy sources
Describing the process of one renewable
source
Pollution
Types of pollution
Environmental effects of fossil fuels
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Causes of pollution
The car and the environment
Global warming
The greenhouse effect
Acid rain
Recycling
Waste disposal
Urban waste
Energy consumption
Tips to protect the environment
How to be green
Environmental hazardous substances
ISO 14001- Environmental management
standard
Best Practices for Environmental
Conservation
Technology and the environment
Environmental awareness